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“Reflexivity, Risk and Collective Action Over Waste Management. A Constructive Proposal”

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2001
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SAGE Publications
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In this article, I would like to address a topic relevant to current theories on western modernization and to environmental sociology. My aim is to identify the utility of some influential assumptions about the meaning of current social processes which have been approached as a form of reflexivity which questions a traditional view of western modernization by highlighting its unintended and perverse implications in our complex societies. I focus on central assumptions from the literature on reflexive modernization such as the notions of ‘risk society’ and ‘modernization risks’, which have become very influential in the analysis of the relations between society and nature. These notions stem from a more general notion of ‘risk’ which has recently been gaining increasing recognition among social scientists, and which departs from the traditional approach to this term in economic theory. The former contends that ‘human communities exist in exchange relationships with the biospheres’ and, when technologies disrupt these relations, ‘both communities and environments change’ (Kroll-Smith et al., 1997: 2). In the 1980s, among the social scientists who have become aware of the relations between humans and nature the notion of risk came to denote the problems generated by these relations (Strydom, 1999: 71). This fact is grounded on common sense but, as has been pointed out by Kroll-Smith et al. it was not commonly recognized in the past by the prevalent professional criteria (Kroll-Smith et al., 1997: 2, 15).
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