Publication: Prediseño de un módulo de almacenamiento térmico para plantas termosolares con generación directa de vapor
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2011-09
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El futuro de las plantas termosolares con generación directa de vapor (GDV) pasa por desarrollar conceptos innovadores de almacenamiento térmico. Para este tipo de plantas, cuyo fluido caloportador (HTF) intercambia calor latente, se requiere el uso de materiales de cambio de fase para almacenamiento de energía. Estos materiales deben adecuarse bien a las condiciones de trabajo del HTF (T ˜ 296º C - 316º C; P ˜ 80bar - 100bar) además de presentar buen comportamiento, desde el punto de vista de la transferencia de calor y del almacenamiento térmico, en dichas condiciones. Así mismo, estos materiales han de ser seguros, de bajo coste, y también ser capaces de mantener la reversibilidad tras numerosos ciclos de carga y descarga térmica. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el diseño conceptual de un módulo de almacenamiento térmico innovador de cambio de fase para una central termosolar GDV. Para ello nos hemos basado en el estudio teórico de los flujos de transferencia de calor y las pérdidas térmicas correspondientes en cond iciones de régimen estacionario. El módulo se ha diseñado para una potencia de 100kW y un tiempo de descarga de 3 horas. Para llevar a cabo este prediseño, ha sido necesaria una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre sistemas de almacenamiento térmico de cambio de fase, patentes y modelos de utilidad publicados en los últimos tiempos en las oficinas estadounidense (US), europea (EP), y en la organización mundial de la propiedad intelectual (WO), así como la consulta de catálogos comerciales de intercambiadores de calor. Este estudio ha dado como resultado la presentación de la Patente Nacional: MÓDULO DE ALMACENAMIENTO TÉRMICO BASADO EN CALOR LATENTE CON ALTAS TASAS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR (201131378).
The future of solar power plants with direct steam eneration depends on the development of innovative thermal storage concepts. For these plants, in which heat transfer fluid (HTF) exchanges latent heat the use of phase change materials (PCMs) for energy storage is required. The PCM must be suitable for the HTF working conditions (T ˜ 220º C - 330º C; P ˜ 20bar - 130bar) and present good performance from the point of view of both heat transfer and thermal storage, as well as being safe, not very expensive and stands for long term thermal cycling. The aim of this work has been the conceptual design of a latent heat thermal storage module for being use in DSG solar power plants. The design has been based on the theoretical study of heat transfer rates and its associate thermal losses in steady state conditions. The storage module has been designed for 100kW power and 3 hours discharging time. For accomplishing this design a thorough review of published papers, previous projects on latent heat thermal storage systems, patents and utility models of the U.S. patent office (U.S.), European Patent Office (EP), the World Organization of Intellectual Property (WO), and commercial catalogs of heat exchangers has been carried out. The result of this study has been the elaboration of the national patent : MÓDULO DE ALMACENAMIENTO TÉRMICO BASADO EN CALOR LATENTE CON ALTAS TASAS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR (201131378).
The future of solar power plants with direct steam eneration depends on the development of innovative thermal storage concepts. For these plants, in which heat transfer fluid (HTF) exchanges latent heat the use of phase change materials (PCMs) for energy storage is required. The PCM must be suitable for the HTF working conditions (T ˜ 220º C - 330º C; P ˜ 20bar - 130bar) and present good performance from the point of view of both heat transfer and thermal storage, as well as being safe, not very expensive and stands for long term thermal cycling. The aim of this work has been the conceptual design of a latent heat thermal storage module for being use in DSG solar power plants. The design has been based on the theoretical study of heat transfer rates and its associate thermal losses in steady state conditions. The storage module has been designed for 100kW power and 3 hours discharging time. For accomplishing this design a thorough review of published papers, previous projects on latent heat thermal storage systems, patents and utility models of the U.S. patent office (U.S.), European Patent Office (EP), the World Organization of Intellectual Property (WO), and commercial catalogs of heat exchangers has been carried out. The result of this study has been the elaboration of the national patent : MÓDULO DE ALMACENAMIENTO TÉRMICO BASADO EN CALOR LATENTE CON ALTAS TASAS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR (201131378).
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