Publication: Estado de salud bucodental de escolares de primero de primaria del distrito de Ciudad Lineal de Madrid y su relación con hábitos de de alimentación y parámetros de salivación
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2013
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Abstract
La salud bucodental es fundamental para mantener un buen estado de salud y bienestar general. Los niños son especialmente vulnerables a las enfermedades por su necesidad de protección y cuidado. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de caries es muy elevada. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es es analizar situación de salud dental de los niños de primaria, su relación con los hábitos familiares relacionados con la salud bucodental y con determinados parámetros de salud dental. Metodología: Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y epidemiológico en el que seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra de 144 escolares del Distrito Ciudad Lineal de Madrid de primero de Primaria. Se recogieron datos de caries, calculándose los índices de caries de la OMS, de flujo salival, pH y buffer estimulado, realizándose un registro visual y táctil para conocer el estado de la mucosa oral y del esmalte. También se aplicó un cuestionario de hábitos de salud bucodental. Resultados: Los
resultados indican que existe una elevada prevalencia de caries (56,3%), sin que existan diferencias de sexo (p = 0,550). La gingivitis afecta al 4,20% y el sarro al 53,50%. El 24,50% de los niños necesitan tratamiento ortodóncico. No
se ha encontrado una relación entre la caries y los parámetros de flujo salival, pH y buffer, así como con los hábitos de salud dental y de alimentación.
Discusión: la prevalencia de caries es un importante problema de salud en Ciudad Lineal, aunque no se ha podido probar su relación con otros parámetros
orales o sociodemográficos. Conclusión: es necesario profundiza en los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades dentales.
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