Publication: Estructura y deixis. La teoría kantiana de la objetividad en el horizonte de la época moderna
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2014-10-29
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral contiene una propuesta de interpretación de la teoría kantiana de la objetividad en términos de la noción de “estructura” y, al mismo tiempo, una defensa de que dicha teoría, así interpretada, es una pieza clave para comprender la legitimidad propia de la Edad Moderna. El objeto material de la investigación es la filosofía crítica de Immanuel Kant, y más concretamente las “Analíticas” de la Crítica de la razón pura y la Crítica de la razón práctica, junto con la Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres y los Prolegómenos. Su objeto formal es la teoría kantiana de la objetividad, esto es, la teoría kantiana acerca de en qué consiste que algo, en el uso teórico o el uso práctico de la razón, sea “objetivo” o “válido”. Su objetivo es mostrar la relación de esta teoría con los principios normativos de la época moderna. Tomando como base la interpretación fenomenológica de Kant iniciada por Heidegger, la reconstrucción de los textos señalados como objeto material tiene como operadores fundamentales las nociones de “estructura” y “deixis”, y trata de hacer ver que en la teoría kantiana de la objetividad se entrecruzan y
se articulan una dimensión “estructural” y una dimensión “deíctica”, tanto en el uso teórico (sección I) como en el uso práctico (sección II). Y precisamente esta peculiar articulación kantiana de lo estructural y lo deíctico es la que convierte a Kant, según la hipótesis de la investigación, en un privilegiado notario de la legitimidad moderna. Este tramo de la argumentación se desarrolla en la parte final de la tesis (sección III) y pone en relación el resultado fundamental de las secciones I y II (a saber, que la noción kantiana de objetividad tiene como centro la subrogación del sujeto empírico en el lugar vacío de la subjetividad pura) con el desarrollo efectivo de la historia
moderna, en particular con la física relativista y con el pensamiento ético-jurídico contemporáneo.
This thesis puts forward an interpretation of Kantian theory of objectivity and, at the same time, tries to show that this theory, construed in this fashion, is crucial to the comprehension of the legitimacy of Modern Age. The material subject of the investigation is Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy, and more concretely, the “Analytics of reason” of the two first Critiques, along with GMS and Prolegomena. Its formal subject is the Kantian theory of objectivity, that is, the Kantian theory about what does it mean, both in the theoretical and practical realms, for something to be “objective” or “valid”. Its main objective is to show the relationship between this theory and the normative principles of the Modern Age. Relying on the phenomenological interpretation of Kant initiated by Heidegger, the texts referred to as the material subject are reconstructed under the operators “structure” and “deixis”. We try to show that these two concepts can show considerable light on Kantian thought, for both in the theoretical (section I) and the practical (section II) use of reason –so runs our hypothesis– a structural dimension and a deictic dimension can be found. Section III systematizes and outlines the results of sections I and II towards a single formulation of the link between structurality, subjectivity and objectivity in Kant, so the general hypothesis of the investigation can be put to the test. If the Kantian understanding of objectivity is also the modern understanding of objectivity, then the hypothesis could be verified by confronting Kant’s theory with the development of modern history of thought and science. This confrontation takes place in the last part of section III.
This thesis puts forward an interpretation of Kantian theory of objectivity and, at the same time, tries to show that this theory, construed in this fashion, is crucial to the comprehension of the legitimacy of Modern Age. The material subject of the investigation is Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy, and more concretely, the “Analytics of reason” of the two first Critiques, along with GMS and Prolegomena. Its formal subject is the Kantian theory of objectivity, that is, the Kantian theory about what does it mean, both in the theoretical and practical realms, for something to be “objective” or “valid”. Its main objective is to show the relationship between this theory and the normative principles of the Modern Age. Relying on the phenomenological interpretation of Kant initiated by Heidegger, the texts referred to as the material subject are reconstructed under the operators “structure” and “deixis”. We try to show that these two concepts can show considerable light on Kantian thought, for both in the theoretical (section I) and the practical (section II) use of reason –so runs our hypothesis– a structural dimension and a deictic dimension can be found. Section III systematizes and outlines the results of sections I and II towards a single formulation of the link between structurality, subjectivity and objectivity in Kant, so the general hypothesis of the investigation can be put to the test. If the Kantian understanding of objectivity is also the modern understanding of objectivity, then the hypothesis could be verified by confronting Kant’s theory with the development of modern history of thought and science. This confrontation takes place in the last part of section III.
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Filosofía Teorética, leída el 04/07/2014