Publication: Análisis de los "Libros interiores" del "Zhuang ZI" desde el eje del problema de la conciencia y la identidad
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2015-02-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El Zhuāng zǐ es una obra clásica del pensamiento chino antiguo malinterpretada en muchas ocasiones por la tradición y los primeros estudiosos occidentales de la filosofía china. La evidencia textual actual permite establecer un eje cronológico que sitúa a los Libros Interiores de esta obra como la parte más antigua. Esta tesis traza las coordenadas históricas y filosóficas que constituyen su contexto de producción para poder interpretar con ellos la obra a través de uno de sus temas fundamentales: su original concepción de la conciencia y la identidad. La filosofía del Zhuāng zǐ emana de una idea del dào no metafísica (a diferencia de la que será propia de siglos posteriores tal y como aparece en algunas partes del texto interpoladas o añadidas con posterioridad) que lo concibe como el proceso total de la naturaleza en el que todos los seres, hasta el más minúsculo grano de arena, participan. La investigación concluye demostrando que los Libros Interiores del Zhuāng zǐ presentan una concepción difusa de la identidad: aunque el pensamiento ordinario lleve al ser humano a creer que la realidad se compone de objetos separados, todo forma parte de un mismo proceso natural sin el cual no podrían existir. Según esto se recomienda al sabio disolver su conciencia con la totalidad del dào. Esta visión da lugar a una filosofía profundamente relativista tanto en el terreno ético como en el epistemológico. Estas ideas de conciencia y de identidad son expuestas en el Zhuāng zǐ de una forma completamente nueva y genuina en la historia del pensamiento chino; y constituyen uno de los puntos de partida fundamentales del taoísmo, a saber, la concepción del proceso total de la naturaleza (dào) como un ecosistema del que todo forma parte y sin el cual nada tendría sentido ni existiría.
The Chinese classic Zhuāng zǐ has been frequently misunderstood by tradition, and by the first Western scholars. The current textual evidence makes possible to find a chronological axis that places the Inner Chapters as the oldest part of this book. This investigation describes the historical and philosophical coordinates of its context of production, in order to interpret the text from one of its main topics: its original conception of consciousness and identity. The philosophy of Zhuāng zǐ emanates from a non metaphysical notion of the dào, which differs from the later developments of the concept contained in latter additions and interpolations: the dào is the whole process of Nature in which every being, even the smallest grain of sand, participates. This research concludes demonstrating that the Inner Chapters of Zhuāng zǐ support a diffuse notion of identity: Although ordinary thinking makes human to believe that reality is made out of separated objects, everything is a part of the same natural process, without which nothing would exist. According to this, the sage must dissolve his or her consciousness in the whole of the dào. This philosophy originates a deeply relativistic thinking in both ethical and epistemological sense. These notions of consciousness and identity are exposed in a very new and genuine way in the Chinese history of philosophy; and establish one of the fundamental starting points of taoism; namely, the conception of the whole process of nature (dào) as an ecosystem of which everything is part and without which nothing would have sense or existence
The Chinese classic Zhuāng zǐ has been frequently misunderstood by tradition, and by the first Western scholars. The current textual evidence makes possible to find a chronological axis that places the Inner Chapters as the oldest part of this book. This investigation describes the historical and philosophical coordinates of its context of production, in order to interpret the text from one of its main topics: its original conception of consciousness and identity. The philosophy of Zhuāng zǐ emanates from a non metaphysical notion of the dào, which differs from the later developments of the concept contained in latter additions and interpolations: the dào is the whole process of Nature in which every being, even the smallest grain of sand, participates. This research concludes demonstrating that the Inner Chapters of Zhuāng zǐ support a diffuse notion of identity: Although ordinary thinking makes human to believe that reality is made out of separated objects, everything is a part of the same natural process, without which nothing would exist. According to this, the sage must dissolve his or her consciousness in the whole of the dào. This philosophy originates a deeply relativistic thinking in both ethical and epistemological sense. These notions of consciousness and identity are exposed in a very new and genuine way in the Chinese history of philosophy; and establish one of the fundamental starting points of taoism; namely, the conception of the whole process of nature (dào) as an ecosystem of which everything is part and without which nothing would have sense or existence
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 16-06-2014