Publication:
Portfolios in the Ibex 35 index: Alternative methods to the traditional framework, a comparative with the naive diversification in a pre- and post- crisis context

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2015-06
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Citations
Google Scholar
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Abstract
In this paper, we present an analysis of the effectiveness of various portfolio optimization strategies applied to the stocks included in the Spanish Ibex 35 index, for a period of 14 years, from 2001 until 2014. The period under study includes episodes of volatility and instability in financial markets, incorporating the Global Financial Crisis and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. This implies a challenge in portfolio optimization strategies since the methodologies are restricted to the assignment of positive weights. We have taken for asset allocation the daily returns with an estimation window equal to 1 year and we hold portfolio assets for another year. We evaluate the out-of-sample performance of 15 strategies for asset allocation in the Ibex 35 index, before and after of the Global Financial Crisis. Our results suggest that a large number of strategies outperform to the 1/N rule and to the Ibex 35 index in terms of return, Sharpe ratio and lower VaR and CVaR. The mean-variance portfolio of Markowitz with shortsale constraints, it is the only strategy that renders a Sharpe ratio statistically different to Ibex 35 index in the 2001-2007 and 2008-2014 periods.
Description
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Agarwal, V., & Naik, N. Y. (2004). Risks and portfolio decisions involving hedge funds. Review of Financial Studies, 17(1), 63-98. Ahmad, W., Sehgal, S., & Bhanumurthy, N. R. (2013). Eurozone crisis and BRIICKS stock markets: Contagion or market interdependence?. Economic Modelling, 33, 209-225. Alexander, G. J., & Baptista, A. M. (2004). A comparison of VaR and CVaR constraints on portfolio selection with the mean-variance model. Management Science, 50(9), 1261-1273. Allen, D., McAleer, M., Powell, R., & Singh, A. (2014a). European Market Portfolio Diversification Strategies across the GFC. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper Series, No. TI 14-134/III. Allen, D., McAleer, M., Peiris, S., & Singh, A. (2014b). Hedge Fund Portfolio Diversification Strategies Across the GFC. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper Series, No. TI 14-151/III. Andersson, F., Mausser, H., Rosen, D., & Uryasev, S. (2001). Credit risk optimization with conditional valueat-risk criterion. Mathematical Programming, 89 (2), 273-291. Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J., & Heath, D. (1997). Thinking coherently, Risk, 10, 68-71. Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J. M., & Heath, D. (1999). Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance, 9 (3), 203-228. Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (2001). Naive diversification strategies in defined contribution saving plans. American Economic Review, 79-98. Boubaker, H., & Sghaier, N. (2013). Portfolio optimization in the presence of dependent financial returns with long memory: A copula based approach. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 361-377. Brennan, M. J., & Torous, W. N. (1999). Individual decision making and investor welfare. Economic Notes, 28 (2), 119-143. Chan, L. K., Karceski, J., & Lakonishok, J. (1999). On portfolio optimization: Forecasting covariances and choosing the risk model. Review of Financial Studies, 12 (5), 937-974. Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1962). Programming with linear fractional functionals. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 9 (3-4), 181-186. Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S. P., & Zabarankin, M. (2000). Portfolio optimization with drawdown constraints. Research Report 2000-5, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville. Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S., & Zabarankin, M. (2005). Drawdown measure in portfolio optimization. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 8 (01), 13-58. Chopra, V. K. (1993). Improving optimization. The Journal of Investing, 2 (3), 51-59. Choueifaty, Y., & Coignard, Y. (2008). Toward maximum diversification. Journal of Portfolio Management, 35 (1), 40. Choueifaty, Y., Froidure, T., & Reynier, J. (2013). Properties of the most diversified portfolio. Journal of Investment Strategies, 2 (2), 49-70. Clayton, D. G. (1978). A model for association in bivariate life tables and its application in epidemiological studies of familial tendency in chronic disease incidence. Biometrika, 65 (1), 141-151. De Miguel, V., Garlappi, L., & Uppal, R. (2009). Optimal versus naive diversification: How inefficient is the 1/N portfolio strategy?. Review of Financial Studies, 22 (5), 1915-1953. DeMiguel, V., & Nogales, F. J. (2009). Portfolio selection with robust estimation. Operations Research, 57 (3), 560-577. Dinkelbach, W. (1967). On nonlinear fractional programming. Management Science, 13 (7), 492-498. Fischer, M. J., & Dörflinger, M. (2006). A note on a non-parametric tail dependence estimator. Diskussionspapiere, No. 76/2006. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Statistik und Ökonometrie. Frahm, G., Junker, M., & Schmidt, R. (2005). Estimating the tail-dependence coefficient: properties and pitfalls. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 37(1), 80-100. Frost, P. A., & Savarino, J. E. (1988). For better performance: Constrain portfolio weights. Journal of Portfolio Management, 15(1), 29–34. Gaivoronski, A. A., & Pflug, G. (2005). Value-at-risk in portfolio optimization: properties and computational approach. Journal of Risk, 7(2), 1-31. Genest, C., & Favre, A. C. (2007). Everything you always wanted to know about copula modeling but were afraid to ask. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 12(4), 347-368. Giamouridis, D., & Vrontos, I. D. (2007). Hedge fund portfolio construction: A comparison of static and dynamic approaches. Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(1), 199-217. Harris, R. D., & Mazibas, M. (2013). Dynamic hedge fund portfolio construction: A semi-parametric approach. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(1), 139-149. Hirschman, A. O. (1964). The paternity of an index. American Economic Review, 761-762. Hofert, M., & Scherer, M. (2011). CDO pricing with nested Archimedean copulas. Quantitative Finance, 11(5), 775-787. Huberman, G., & Jiang, W. (2006). Offering versus choice in 401 (k) plans: Equity exposure and number of funds. The Journal of Finance, 61(2), 763-801. Jagannathan, R., & Ma, T. (2003). Risk reduction in large portfolios: Why imposing the wrong constraints helps. The Journal of Finance, 58(4), 1651-1684. Jobson, J. D., & Korkie, B. M. (1981). Performance hypothesis testing with the Sharpe and Treynor measures. The Journal of Finance, 36(4), 889-908. Jorion, P. (1991). Bayesian and CAPM estimators of the means: Implications for portfolio selection. Journal of Banking and Finance, 15(3), 717-727. Kirby, C., & Ostdiek, B. (2012). It’s all in the timing: simple active portfolio strategies that outperform naive diversification. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47(02), 437-467. Krokhmal, P., Palmquist, J., & Uryasev, S. (2002). Portfolio optimization with conditional value-at-risk objective and constraints. Journal of risk, 4, 43-68. Kuutan, E. (2007). Portfolio Optimization Using Conditional Value-At-Risk and Conditional Drawdown-AtRisk (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto). Lintner, J. (1965). The valuation of risk assets and the selection of risky investments in stock portfolios and capital budgets. The review of Economics and Statistics, 13-37. Maillard, S., Roncalli, T., & Teïletche, J. (2010). The properties of equally weighted risk contribution portfolios. Journal of Portfolio Management 36(4), 60–70. Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection*. The journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. Markowitz, H. (1959). Portfolio selection: efficient diversification of investments. 1959. Basil Blackwall, New York. Memmel, C. (2003). Performance hypothesis testing with the Sharpe ratio. Finance Letters, 1(1). Moldovan, I. (2011). Stock markets correlation: Before and during the crisis analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 8(8), 111. Morgan, J.P. (1994). RiskMetrics, Technical Document. Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, New York. Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a capital asset market. Econometrica, 768-783. Pástor, Ľ. (2000). Portfolio selection and asset pricing models. The Journal of Finance, 55(1), 179-223. Pástor, Ľ., & Stambaugh, R. F. (2000). Comparing asset pricing models: an investment perspective. Journal of Financial Economics, 56(3), 335-381. Pfaff, B. (2013). Financial risk modelling and portfolio optimization with R. John Wiley & Sons. Pflug, G. C. (2000). Some remarks on the value-at-risk and the conditional value-at-risk. In Probabilistic constrained optimization (pp. 272-281). Springer US. Qian E. (2005), Risk parity portfolios: Efficient portfolios through true diversification, Panagora Asset Management, Boston, MA. Qian E. (2006) On the financial interpretation of risk contribution: Risk budgets do add up. Journal of Investment Management 4(4), 1–11. Qian E. (2011) Risk parity and diversification. Journal of Investing 20(1), 119–127. Quaranta, A. G., & Zaffaroni, A. (2008). Robust optimization of conditional value at risk and portfolio selection. Journal of Banking and Finance, 32(10), 2046-2056. Rockafellar, R. T., & Uryasev, S. (2000). Optimization of conditional value-at-risk. Journal of Risk, 2, 21-42. Rockafellar, R. T., & Uryasev, S. (2002). Conditional value-at-risk for general loss distributions. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26(7), 1443-1471. Rockafellar, R. T., Uryasev, S., & Zabarankin, M. (2006). Generalized deviations in risk analysis. Finance and Stochastics, 10(1), 51-74. Schmidt, R., & Stadtmüller, U. (2006). Non-parametric Estimation of Tail Dependence. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 33(2), 307-335. Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442. Sharpe, W. F. (1994). The sharpe ratio. The journal of Portfolio Management, 21(1), 49-58. Sklar, M. (1959). Fonctions de répartition à n dimensions et leurs marges. Université Paris 8: 229-231. Stoyanov, S. V., Rachev, S. T., & Fabozzi, F. J. (2007). Optimal financial portfolios. Applied Mathematical Finance, 14(5), 401-436. Tsao, C. Y. (2010). Portfolio selection based on the mean-VaR efficient frontier. Quantitative Finance, 10(8), 931-945. Tu, J., & Zhou, G. (2011). Markowitz meets Talmud: A combination of sophisticated and naive diversification strategies. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(1), 204-215. Unger, A. (2014). The Use of Risk Budgets in Portfolio Optimization. Springer. Xing, X., Hu, J., & Yang, Y. (2014). Robust minimum variance portfolio with L-infinity constraints. Journal of Banking & Finance, 46, 107-117. Young, M. R. (1998). A minimax portfolio selection rule with linear programming solution. Management Science, 44(5), 673-683.