Publication: Adiabatic Processes Realized with a Trapped Brownian Particle
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2015-03-27
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Physical Society
Abstract
The ability to implement adiabatic processes in the mesoscale is of key importance in the study of artificial or biological micro- and nanoengines. Microadiabatic processes have been elusive to experimental implementation due to the difficulty in isolating Brownian particles from their fluctuating environment. Here we report on the experimental realization of a microscopic quasistatic adiabatic process employing a trapped Brownian particle. We circumvent the complete isolation of the Brownian particle by designing a protocol where both characteristic volume and temperature of the system are changed in such a way that the entropy of the system is conserved along the process. We compare the protocols that follow from either the overdamped or underdamped descriptions, demonstrating that the latter is mandatory in order to obtain a vanishing average heat flux to the particle. We provide analytical expressions for the distributions of the fluctuating heat and entropy and verify them experimentally. Our protocols could serve to implement the first microscopic engine that is able to attain the fundamental limit for the efficiency set by Carnot.
Description
© 2015 American Physical Society. We acknowledge theoretical discussions with J. M. R. Parrondo. I. A. M., E. R., D. P., and R. A. R. acknowledge financial support from the Fundació Privada Cellex Barcelona, Generalitat de Catalunya Grant No. 2009-SGR-159, and from grant NANOMQ (MINECO FIS2011-24409). E. R. and L. D. acknowledge financial support from grant ENFASIS (MINECO FIS2011-22644). I. A. M. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council Grant OUTEFLUCOP. The initial ideas of this work were conceived by Professor D. Petrov, leader of the Optical Tweezers group at ICFO, who has sincepassed away.
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
[1] K. Sekimoto, Langevin equation and thermodynamics, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 130, 17 (1998).
[2] K. Sekimoto, Stochastic energetics (Springer, New York, 2010), Vol. 799.
[3] U. Seifert, Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines, Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 126001 (2012).
[4] S. Ciliberto, S. Joubaud, and A. Petrosyan, Fluctuations in out-of-equilibrium systems: from theory to experiment, J. Stat. Mech. 2010, P12003 (2010).
[5] W. Ducker, T. Senden, and R. Pashley, Direct measurement of colloidal forces using an atomic force microscope, Nature (London) 353, 239 (1991).
[6] K. Visscher, M. Schnitzer, and S. Block, Single kinesin molecules studied with a molecular force clamp, Nature (London) 400, 184 (1999).
[7] C. Bustamante, J. Liphardt, and F. Ritort, The nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small systems, Phys. Today 58, 43 (2005).
[8] J. Gieseler, R. Quidant, C. Dellago, and L. Novotny, Dynamic relaxation of a levitated nanoparticle from a non-equilibrium steady state, Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 358 (2014).
[9] J. Millen, T. Deesuwan, P. Barker, and J. Anders, Nanoscale temperature measurements using non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics of a levitated nanosphere, Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 425 (2014).
[10] S. Ciliberto and C. Laroche, An experimental test of the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem, J. Phys. IV 08, 215 (1998).
[11] J. Liphardt, S. Dumont, S. B. Smith, I. Tinoco Jr., and C. Bustamante, Equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements in an experimental test of Jarzynski’s equality, Science 296, 1832 (2002).
[12] G. M. Wang, E.M. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. J. Searles, and D. J. Evans, Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and Short Time Scales, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[13] D. Collin, F. Ritort, C. Jarzynski, S. Smith, I. Tinoco, and C. Bustamante, Verification of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and recovery of RNA folding free energies, Nature (London) 437, 231 (2005).
[14] G. M. Wang, J. C. Reid, D. M. Carberry, D. R.M. Williams, E. M. Sevick, and D. J. Evans, Experimental study of the fluctuation theorem in a nonequilibrium steady state, Phys. Rev. E 71, 046142 (2005).
[15] S. Toyabe, T. Sagawa, M. Ueda, E. Muneyuki, and M. Sano, Experimental demonstration of information-to-energy conversion and validation of the generalized Jarzynski equality, Nat. Phys. 6, 988 (2010).
[16] V. Blickle and C. Bechinger, Realization of a micrometresized stochastic heat engine, Nat. Phys. 8, 143 (2011 [17] É. Roldán, I. A. Martínez, J.M. R. Parrondo, and D. Petrov, Universal features in the energetics of symmetry breaking, Nat. Phys. 10, 457 (2014).
[18] J. Koski, V. Maisi, J. Pekola, and D. Averin, Experimental realization of a Szilard engine with a single electron, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 13786 (2014).
[19] J. R. Gomez-Solano, A. Petrosyan, and S. Ciliberto, Heat Fluctuations in a Nonequilibrium Bath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 200602 (2011).
[20] J. R. Gomez-Solano, L. Bellon, A. Petrosyan, and S. Ciliberto, Steady-state fluctuation relations for systems driven by an external random force, Europhys. Lett. 89, 60003 (2010).
[21] I. A. Martínez, É. Roldán, J. M. R. Parrondo, and D. Petrov, Effective heating to several thousand kelvin of an optically trapped sphere in a liquid, Phys. Rev. E 87, 032159 (2013).
[22] A. Bérut, A. Petrosyan, and S. Ciliberto, Energy flow between two hydrodynamically coupled particles kept at different effective temperatures, Europhys. Lett. 107, 60004 (2014).
[23] P. Mestres, I. A. Martinez, A. Ortiz-Ambriz, R. A. Rica, and E. Roldan, Realization of nonequilibrium thermodynamic processes using external colored noise, Phys. Rev. E 90, 032116 (2014).
[24] É. Roldán, I. A. Martínez, L. Dinis, and R. A. Rica, Measuring kinetic energy changes in the mesoscale with low acquisition rates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 234103 (2014). [25] S. Carnot, Reflexions on the motive power of fire: A critical edition with the surviving scientific manuscripts (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1986).
[26] K. Sekimoto, F. Takagi, and T. Hondou, Carnots cycle for small systems: Irreversibility and cost of operations, Phys. Rev. E 62, 7759 (2000).
[27] T. Schmiedl and U. Seifert, Efficiency at maximum power: An analytically solvable model for stochastic heat engines, Europhys. Lett. 81, 20003 (2008).
[28] S. Bo and A. Celani, Entropic anomaly and maximal efficiency of microscopic heat engines, Phys. Rev. E 87, 050102 (2013).
[29] S. Rana, P. S. Pal, A. Saha, and A. M. Jayannavar, Singleparticle stochastic heat engine, Phys. Rev. E 90, 042146 (2014).
[30] See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/ supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.120601, which includes Refs. [31,32], for a description of the experimental setup, protocol to estimate fluctuations of the velocity, and derivations of Eqs. (1)–(5).
[31] K. Visscher, S. P. Gross, and S. M. Block, Construction of multiple-beam optical traps with nanometer-resolution position sensing, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 1066 (1996).
[32] P. Langevin, On the theory of Brownian motion, CR Acad. Sci. Paris 146 (1908).
[33] U. Seifert, Entropy Production Along a Stochastic Trajectory and an Integral Fluctuation Theorem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 040602 (2005). [34] W. Greiner, L. Neise, and H. Stöcker, Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics (Springer, New York, 1999).
[35] A. Mazolli, P. M. Neto, and H. Nussenzveig, Theory of trapping forces in optical tweezers, Proc. R. Soc. A 459, 3021 (2003).
[36] I. Martínez, Noise assisted effects in physics and biophysics studied by the optical trapping technique, Ph.D. thesis, ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (2014).
[37] S. Kheifets, A. Simha, K. Melin, T. Li, and M. G. Raizen, Observation of Brownian motion in liquids at short times: Instantaneous velocity and memory loss, Science 343, 1493 (2014).
[38] S. Hilbert, P. Hänggi, and J. Dunkel, Thermodynamic laws in isolated systems, Phys. Rev. E 90, 062116 (2014).
[39] A. Imparato, L. Peliti, G. Pesce, G. Rusciano, and A. Sasso, Work and heat probability distribution of an optically driven Brownian particle: Theory and experiments, Phys. Rev. E 76, 050101 (2007).
[40] N. Sánchez-Salas, L. López-Palacios, S. Velasco, and A. C. Hernández, Optimization criteria, bounds, and efficiencies of heat engines, Phys. Rev. E 82, 051101 (2010).
[41] P. A. Quinto-Su, A microscopic steam engine implemented in an optical tweezer, Nat. Commun. 5, 5889 (2014).