Publication: Autobiographical memories for negative and positive events in war contexts
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2015
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
COP
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the phenomenological qualities of self-reported negative andpositive memories. The study was conducted in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, and a total of 134 autobiographi-cal memories about negative and positive events were analyzed using a version of the PhenomenologicalQuestionnaire for Autobiographical Memory (Manzanero & López, 2007). Participants were universitystudents, 80 percent were women and 20 percent were men. Results showed that negative memories aremore confused, more complex, and decay more over time than positive ones. In contrast, no differenceswere found between positive and negative memories on sensory information, spatial location, vividness,definition, accessibility, fragmentation, recall perspective, doubts about the accuracy of the memory, andhow much participants recovered and talked about the event. High Dimensional Visualization (HDV)graph revealed that there were individual differences between negative and positive memories but noconsistent differences across participants.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar mediante auto-informe las características fenomenológicas de los recuerdos negativos y positivos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Franja de Gaza, Palestina, y se analizaron un total de 134 recuerdos autobiográficos sobre eventos negativos y positivos utilizando una versión del Cuestionario de Características Fenomenológicas de Recuerdos Autobiográficos (Manzanero y López, 2007). Los participantes eran estudiantes universitarios, 80 por ciento mujeres y 20 por ciento hombres. Los resultados mostraron que los recuerdos negativos fueron más confusos, más complejos y más deteriorados que los positivos. Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias entre los recuerdos positivos y negativos en información sensorial, localización espacial, viveza, definición, accesibilidad, fragmentación, perspectiva de recuperación, dudas sobre la exactitud de la memoria y cantidad de veces que los participantes recuperaron y hablaron sobre el evento. El gráfico de Visualización Híper-Dimensional (HDV) muestra que existen diferencias individuales entre los recuerdos negativos y positivos, pero no hay diferencias consistentes entre los participantes
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar mediante auto-informe las características fenomenológicas de los recuerdos negativos y positivos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Franja de Gaza, Palestina, y se analizaron un total de 134 recuerdos autobiográficos sobre eventos negativos y positivos utilizando una versión del Cuestionario de Características Fenomenológicas de Recuerdos Autobiográficos (Manzanero y López, 2007). Los participantes eran estudiantes universitarios, 80 por ciento mujeres y 20 por ciento hombres. Los resultados mostraron que los recuerdos negativos fueron más confusos, más complejos y más deteriorados que los positivos. Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias entre los recuerdos positivos y negativos en información sensorial, localización espacial, viveza, definición, accesibilidad, fragmentación, perspectiva de recuperación, dudas sobre la exactitud de la memoria y cantidad de veces que los participantes recuperaron y hablaron sobre el evento. El gráfico de Visualización Híper-Dimensional (HDV) muestra que existen diferencias individuales entre los recuerdos negativos y positivos, pero no hay diferencias consistentes entre los participantes
Description
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Berliner, L., Hyman, I., Thomas, A., & Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Children’s memory for trauma and positive experiences. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 229-236. doi: 10.1023/A:1023787805970
Brewin, C.R. (2007). Autobiographical memory for trauma: Update on four controversies. Memory, 15(3), 227-248. doi: 10.1080/09658210701256423
Buja A., Swayne D.F., Littman M., Dean N., Hofmann H. & Chen L. (2008). Data Visualization with Multidimensional Scaling. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 17(2), 444-472. doi:10.1198/106186008X318440
Byrne, C. A., Hyman, I. E., & Scott, K. L. (2001). Comparisons of memories for traumatic events and other experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 119–133. doi: 10.1002/acp.837
Christianson, S.A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.284
Geraerts, E., McNally, R. J., Jelicic, M., Merckelbach, H. & Raymaekers, L. (2008). Linking thought suppression and recover memories of childhood sexual abuse. Memory, 16(1), 22-28. doi:10.1080/09658210701390628
Harris, C. B., Sharman, S. J., Barnier, A. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2010). Mood and retrieval-induced forgetting of positive and negative autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 399 – 413. doi: 10.1002/acp.1685
Johnson, M.K.; Foley, M.A; Suengas, A.G., & Raye, C.L. (1988). Phenomenal characteristics of memories for perceived and imagined autobiographical events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 371-376. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.371
Kim, J. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2002). The stressed hippocampus, synaptic plasticity and lost memories. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(6), 453-462. doi:10.1038/nrn849
King, D. W., King, L. A., Foy, D. W., Keane, T. M., & Fairbank, J. A. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of female and male Vietnam veterans: risk factors, war-zone stressors, and resilience-recovery variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(1), 164-170. doi; 10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.164.
Klasen, F., Oettingen, G., Daniels, J., Post, M., Hoyer, C., & Adam, H. (2010). Posttraumatic resilience in former Ugandan child soldiers. Child Development, 81(4), 1096-1113. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01456.x
Linton, M. (1982). Transformations of memory in everyday life. In U. Neisser (Ed.). Memory observed: Remembering in natural contexts (pp.77-81). San Francisco: Freeman.
Manzanero, A. L. (2009). Análisis de contenido de memorias autobiográficas falsas (Criteria content analysis of false autobiographical memories). Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 19, 61-72.
Manzanero, A. L., Alemany, A., Recio, M., Vallet, R. y Aróztegui, J. (2015). Evaluating the credibility of statements given by persons with intellectual disability. Anales de Psicología, 31(1), 338-344. doi:10.6018/analesps.31.1.166571
Manzanero, A. L., & López, B. (2007). Características de los recuerdos autobiográficos sobre sucesos traumáticos (Characteristics of autobiographical memories for traumatic events). Boletín de Psicología, 90, 7-17. doi: 10.13140/2.1.1386.9767
Manzanero, A. L., El-Astal, S., & Aróztegui, J. (2009). Implication degree and delay on recall of events: An experimental and HDV study. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 1(2), 183-203.
Manzanero, A. L., & Recio, M. (2012). El recuerdo de hechos traumáticos: exactitud, tipos y características (Memories for traumatic events: accuracy, types and characteristics). Cuadernos de Medicina Forense, 18(1), 19-25. doi: 10.4321/S1135-76062012000100003
McEwen, B. S. (2000). Effects of adverse experiences for brain structure and function. Biological Psychiatry, 48(8), 721-731. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00964-1
McNally, R. J. (2003). Remembering trauma. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Meiser-Stedman, R.; Smith, P.; Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). The Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire: Preliminary development and validation of a measure of trauma memory characteristics for children and adolescents. Memory, 15(3), 271-279. doi: 10.1080/09658210701256498
Nemeroff, C. B., Bremner, J. D., Foa, E. B., Mayberg, H. S., North, C. S., & Stein, M. B. (2006). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-science review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40(1), 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.005
Oakland, T., Callueng, C., Rizwan, M., & Aftab, S. (2012). Temperament styles of children from Pakistan and the United States. School Psychology International, 33(2), 207-222. doi: 10.1177/0143034311420358
Ortony, A., Clore, G., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ost, J. (2009). Recovered memories. In R. Bull, T. Valentine & T. Williamson (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology of Investigative Interviewing. Current Developments and Future Directions (pp. 181-204). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Ost, J., Vrij, A., Costall, A., & Bull, R. (2002). Crashing memories and reality monitoring: Distinguishing between perceptions, imaginings and false memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 125-134. doi: 10.1002/acp.779
Paz-Alonso, P. M., & Goodman, G. S. (2008). Trauma and memory: Effects of post-event misinformation, retrieval order, and retention interval. Memory, 16(1), 58-75. doi: 10.1080/09658210701363146
Peace, K. A., Porter, S., & Brinke, L. (2007). Are memories for sexually traumatic events ‘‘special’’? A within-subjects investigation of trauma and memory in a clinical sample. Memory, 16(1), 10-21. doi: 10.1080/09658210701363583
Pine, D. S., Costello, J., & Masten, A. (2005). Trauma, proximity, and developmental psychopathology: the effects of war and terrorism on children. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(10), 1781-1792. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300814
Porter, S., & Birt, A.R. (2001). Is traumatic memory special? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 101-117. doi: 10.1002/acp.766
Punamäki, R. L., Peltonen, K., Diab, M., & Qouta, S. R. (2014). Psychosocial interventions and emotion regulation among war-affected children: Randomized control trial effects. Traumatology, 20(4), 241-252. doi: 10.1037/h0099856.
Rubin, D. C., & Berntsen, D. (2003). Life scripts help to maintain autobiographical memories of highly positive, but not highly negative, events. Memory and Cognition, 31(1), 1-14. doi: 10.3758/BF03196077
Rubin, D. C., Boals, A., & Berntsen, D. (2008). Memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: Properties of voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and nontraumatic autobiographical memories in people with and without posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137(4), 591–614. doi: 10.1037/a0013165
Saigh, P. A., Yasik, A. E., Mitchell, P., & Abright, A. R. (2011). The psychological adjustment of a sample of New York City preschool children 8–10 months after September 11, 2001. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 3(2), 109-116. doi: 10.1037/a0020701
Schmidt, S. R. (2004). Autobiographical memories for the September 11th attacks: Reconstructive errors and emotional impairment of memory. Memory and Cognition, 32(3), 443-454. doi: 10.3758/BF03195837
Sotgiu, I., & Mormont, C. (2008). Similarities and differences between traumatic and emotional memories: Review and directions for future research. The Journal of Psychology, 142(5), 449-469. doi: 10.3200/JRLP.142.5.449-470
Takarangi, M. K. T., & Strange, D. (2010). Emotional impact feedback changes how we remember negative autobiographical experiences. Experimental Psychology, 57(5), 354-359. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000042
Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14, 455–461. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.02453
Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2007). Flashbulb memories are special after all; in phenomology, not accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 557–558. doi: 10.1002/acp.1293
Tromp, S., Koss, M. P., Figueredo, A. J., & Tharan, M. (1995). Are rape memories different? A comparison of rape, other unpleasant, and pleasant memories among employed women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 607-627. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490080406
Wagenaar, W. A., & Groeneweg, J. (1990). The memory of concentration camp survivors. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 77-87. doi: 10.1002/acp.2350040202
Woodworth, M., Porter, S., ten Brinke, L., Doucette, N. L., Peace, K., & Campbell, M.A., (2009). A comparison of memory for homicide, non-homicidal violence, and positive life experiences. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32, 329–334. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.06.008