Publication: The impact of bars on disk breaks as probed by S^(4)G imaging
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2013-07-01
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Abstract
We have analyzed the radial distribution of old stars in a sample of 218 nearby face-on disks, using deep 3.6 μm images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. In particular, we have studied the structural properties of those disks with a broken or down-bending profile. We find that, on average, disks with a genuine single-exponential profile have a scale length and a central surface brightness which are intermediate to those of the inner and outer components of a down-bending disk with the same total stellar mass. In the particular case of barred galaxies, the ratio between the break and the bar radii (R_br/R_bar) depends strongly on the total stellar mass of the galaxy. For galaxies more massive than 10^10 M_☉, the distribution is bimodal, peaking at R_br/R_bar ~ 2 and ~3.5. The first peak, which is the most populated one, is linked to the outer Lindblad resonance of the bar, whereas the second one is consistent with a dynamical coupling between the bar and the spiral pattern. For galaxies below 10^10 M_☉, breaks are found up to ~10 R_bar, but we show that they could still be caused by resonances given the rising nature of rotation curves in these low-mass disks. While not ruling out star formation thresholds, our results imply that radial stellar migration induced by non-axisymmetric features can be responsible not only for those breaks at ~2 R_bar, but also for many of those found at larger radii.
Description
© 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Artículo firmado por 28 autores. The authors are grateful to the entire S^(4)G team for their collective effort in this project. We thank S. Boissier for allowing us to use his disk evolution models. We also thank the referee for a very constructive report that helped to improve the quality of the paper. J.C.M.M. acknowledges financial support from NASA JPL/Spitzer Grant RSA 1374189 provided for the S4G project. J.C.M.M., K. S., and T. K. acknowledge support from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We acknowledge financial support from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's FP7/2007-2013/ to the DAGAL network under REA grant agreement No. PITN-GA-2011-289313.This work is based on data acquired with the Spitzer Space Telescope, and makes extensive use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), both of which are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We also acknowledge the usage of the HyperLeda database (http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr).
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Aguerri, J. A. L., Debattista, V. P., & Corsini, E. M. 2003, MNRAS, 338, 465
Athanassoula, E. 1992, MNRAS, 259, 345
Athanassoula, E. 2002, ApJL, 569, L83
Athanassoula, E. 2003, MNRAS, 341, 1179
Athanassoula, E. 2012, MNRAS, 426, L46
Athanassoula, E., Bosma, A., Creze, M., & Schwarz, M. P. 1982, A&A, 107, 101
Athanassoula, E., & Misiriotis, A. 2002, MNRAS, 330, 35
Athanassoula, E., & Sellwood, J. A. 1986, MNRAS, 221, 213
Azzollini, R., Trujillo, I., & Beckman, J. E. 2008a, ApJL, 679, L69
Azzollini, R., Trujillo, I., & Beckman, J. E. 2008b, ApJ, 684, 1026
Bakos, J., Trujillo, I., & Pohlen, M. 2008, ApJL, 683, L103
Barden, M., Rix, H.-W., Somerville, R. S., et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, 959
Barnes, J., & Efstathiou, G. 1987, ApJ, 319, 575
Berta, Z. K., Jimenez, R., Heavens, A. F., & Panter, B. 2008, MNRAS, 391, 197
Bertin, E., & Arnouts, S. 1996, A&AS, 117, 393
Binney, J., & Tremaine, S. 2008, Galactic Dynamics (2nd ed.; Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press),
Boissier, S., & Prantzos, N. 2000, MNRAS, 312, 398
Boselli, A., Tuffs, R. J., Gavazzi, G., Hippelein, H., & Pierini, D. 1997, A&AS, 121, 507
Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., et al. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1151
Brook, C. B., Kawata, D., Martel, H., Gibson, B. K., & Bailin, J. 2006, ApJ, 639, 126
Brooks, A. M., Solomon, A. R., Governato, F., et al. 2011, ApJ, 728, 51
Bullock, J. S., Dekel, A., Kolatt, T. S., et al. 2001, ApJ, 555, 240
Buta, R. 1986, ApJS, 61, 609
Buta, R., & Block, D. L. 2001, ApJ, 550, 243
Buta, R., & Crocker, D. A. 1993, AJ, 105, 1344
Buta, R., Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., Block, D. L., & Knapen, J. H. 2006, AJ, 132, 1859
Cervantes Sodi, B., Hernández, X., Park, C., & Kim, J. 2008, MNRAS, 388, 863
Christlein, D., & Zaritsky, D. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1053
Combes, F., & Sanders, R. H. 1981, A&A, 96, 164
Comerón, S., Elmegreen, B. G., Knapen, J. H., et al. 2011a, ApJ, 741, 28
Comerón, S., Elmegreen, B. G., Salo, H., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 98
Comerón, S., Knapen, J. H., Beckman, J. E., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 2462
Comerón, S., Knapen, J. H., Sheth, K., et al. 2011b, ApJ, 729, 18
Corsini, E. M. 2011, MSAIS, 18, 23
Courteau, S., Dutton, A. A., van den Bosch, F. C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 203
Courteau, S., & Rix, H.-W. 1999, ApJ, 513, 561
Dalcanton, J. J., Spergel, D. N., & Summers, F. J. 1997, ApJ, 482, 659
Debattista, V. P., Mayer, L., Carollo, C. M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 645, 209
de Blok, W. J. G., Walter, F., Brinks, E., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 2648
de Jong, R. S., Seth, A. C., Radburn-Smith, D. J., et al. 2007, ApJL, 667, L49
de Souza, R. E., Gadotti, D. A., & dos Anjos, S. 2004, ApJS, 153, 411
Dutton, A. A., van den Bosch, F. C., Dekel, A., & Courteau, S. 2007, ApJ, 654, 27
Dutton, A. A., van den Bosch, F. C., Faber, S. M., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 410, 1660
Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 1985, ApJ, 288, 438
Elmegreen, B. G., Elmegreen, D. M., Chromey, F. R., Hasselbacher, D. A., & Bissell, B. A. 1996, AJ, 111, 2233
Elmegreen, B. G., Elmegreen, D. M., & Montenegro, L. 1992, ApJS, 79, 37
Elmegreen, B. G., & Hunter, D. A. 2006, ApJ, 636, 712
Erwin, P. 2005, MNRAS, 364, 283
Erwin, P., Beckman, J. E., & Pohlen, M. 2005, ApJL, 626, L81
Erwin, P., Pohlen, M., & Beckman, J. E. 2008, AJ, 135, 20
Eskew, M., Zaritsky, D., & Meidt, S. 2012, AJ, 143, 139
Eskridge, P. B., Frogel, J. A., Pogge, R. W., et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 536
Fathi, K. 2010, ApJL, 722, L120
Firmani, C., & Avila-Reese, V. 2000, MNRAS, 315, 457
Firmani, C., & Avila-Reese, V. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 1675
Foyle, K., Courteau, S., & Thacker, R. J. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1821
Freeman, K. C. 1970, ApJ, 160, 811
Gadotti, D. A. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 420
Gadotti, D. A. 2009, MNRAS, 393, 1531
Gadotti, D. A., Athanassoula, E., Carrasco, L., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 943
Gardner, J. P. 2001, ApJ, 557, 616
Gil de Paz, A., & Madore, B. F. 2005, ApJS, 156, 345
Gil de Paz, A., Madore, B. F., Boissier, S., et al. 2005, ApJL, 627, L29
Hernández, X., Park, C., Cervantes Sodi, B., & Choi, Y.-Y. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 163
Hoyle, B., Masters, K. L., Nichol, R. C., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 415, 3627
Hubble, E. P. 1926, ApJ, 64, 321
Hunter, D. A., & Elmegreen, B. G. 2006, ApJS, 162, 49
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., White, S. D. M., et al. 2003, MNRAS, 341, 54
Kennicutt, R. C., Jr. 1989, ApJ, 344, 685
Kent, S. M. 1985, ApJS, 59, 115
Knapen, J. H., Shlosman, I., & Peletier, R. F. 2000, ApJ, 529, 93
Kormendy, J. 1979, ApJ, 227, 714
Laine, S., Shlosman, I., Knapen, J. H., & Peletier, R. F. 2002, ApJ, 567, 97
Laurikainen, E., & Salo, H. 2002, MNRAS, 337, 1118
Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., & Buta, R. 2005, MNRAS, 362, 1319
Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., Buta, R., & Knapen, J. H. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 401
Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., & Rautiainen, P. 2002, MNRAS, 331, 880
Lemonias, J. J., Schiminovich, D., Thilker, D., et al. 2011, ApJ, 733, 74
Leroy, A. K., Walter, F., Brinks, E., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 2782
Lindblad, P. A. B., Lindblad, P. O., & Athanassoula, E. 1996, A&A, 313, 65
MacArthur, L. A., Courteau, S., Bell, E., & Holtzman, J. A. 2004, ApJS, 152, 175
Marinova, I., & Jogee, S. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1176
Martin, P. 1995, AJ, 109, 2428
Martín Navarro, I., Bakos, J., Trujillo, I., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 1102
Masset, F., & Tagger, M. 1997, A&A, 322, 442
Masters, K. L., Nichol, R. C., Hoyle, B., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 411, 2026
Meidt, S. E., Rand, R. J., & Merrifield, M. R. 2009, ApJ, 702, 277
Meidt, S. E., Schinnerer, E., Knapen, J. H., et al. 2012, ApJ, 744, 17
Menéndez Delmestre, K., Sheth, K., Schinnerer, E., Jarrett, T. H., & Scoville, N. Z. 2007, ApJ, 657, 790
Merrifield, M. R., Rand, R. J., & Meidt, S. E. 2006, MNRAS, 366, L17
Minchev, I., & Famaey, B. 2010, ApJ, 722, 112
Minchev, I., Famaey, B., Combes, F., et al. 2011, A&A, 527, A147
Minchev, I., Famaey, B., Quillen, A. C., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A126
Mo, H. J., Mao, S., & White, S. D. M. 1998, MNRAS, 295, 319
Moore, E. M., & Gottesman, S. T. 1995, ApJ, 447, 159
Muñoz Mateos, J. C., Boissier, S., Gil de Paz, A., et al. 2011, ApJ, 731, 10
Muñoz Mateos, J. C., Gil de Paz, A., Zamorano, J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, 1569
Nair, P. B., & Abraham, R. G. 2010, ApJL, 714, L260
Ohta, K., Hamabe, M., & Wakamatsu, K.-I. 1990, ApJ, 357, 71
Oke, J. B. 1974, ApJS, 27, 21
Paturel, G., Petit, C., Prugniel, P., et al. 2003, A&A, 412, 45
Peebles, P. J. E. 1969, ApJ, 155, 393
Peng, C. Y., Ho, L. C., Impey, C. D., & Rix, H.-W. 2002, AJ, 124, 266
Pérez, I. 2004, A&A, 427, L17
Pérez, I., Aguerri, J. A. L., & Méndez Abreu, J. 2012, A&A, 540, A103
Pohlen, M., Dettmar, R.-J., Lütticke, R., & Aronica, G. 2002, A&A, 392, 807
Pohlen, M., & Trujillo, I. 2006, A&A, 454, 759
Prieto, M., Aguerri, J. A. L., Varela, A. M., & Muñoz Tuñón, C. 2001, A&A, 367, 405
Quillen, A. C., Dougherty, J., Bagley, M. B., Minchev, I., & Comparetta, J. 2011, MNRAS, 417, 762
Quillen, A. C., Frogel, J. A., & González, R. A. 1994, ApJ, 437, 162
Radburn-Smith, D. J., de Jong, R. S., Seth, A. C., et al. 2011, ApJS, 195, 18
Rautiainen, P., & Salo, H. 1999, A&A, 348, 737
Rautiainen, P., Salo, H., & Laurikainen, E. 2005, ApJL, 631, L129
Reese, A. S., Williams, T. B., Sellwood, J. A., Barnes, E. I., & Powell, B. A. 2007, AJ, 133, 2846
Roškar, R., Debattista, V. P., Quinn, T. R., & Wadsley, J. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2089
Roškar, R., Debattista, V. P., Stinson, G. S., et al. 2008, ApJL, 675, L65
Sánchez Blázquez, P., Courty, S., Gibson, B. K., & Brook, C. B. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 591
Sanders, R. H., & Tubbs, A. D. 1980, ApJ, 235, 803
Schiminovich, D., Wyder, T. K., Martin, D. C., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 315
Sellwood, J. A. 1980, A&A, 89, 296
Sellwood, J. A., & Binney, J. J. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 785
Shen, S., Mo, H. J., White, S. D. M., et al. 2003, MNRAS, 343, 978
Sheth, K., Elmegreen, D. M., Elmegreen, B. G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 1141
Sheth, K., Melbourne, J., Elmegreen, D. M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 136
Sheth, K., Regan, M., Hinz, J. L., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 1397
Sheth, K., Vogel, S. N., Regan, M. W., et al. 2002, AJ, 124, 2581
Skibba, R. A., Masters, K. L., Nichol, R. C., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 423, 1485
Somerville, R. S., Barden, M., Rix, H.-W., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 776
Syer, D., Mao, S., & Mo, H. J. 1999, MNRAS, 305, 357
Sygnet, J. F., Tagger, M., Athanassoula, E., & Pellat, R. 1988, MNRAS, 232, 733
Tagger, M., Sygnet, J. F., Athanassoula, E., & Pellat, R. 1987, ApJL, 318, L43
Thilker, D. A., Bianchi, L., Boissier, S., et al. 2005, ApJL, 619, L79
Thilker, D. A., Boissier, S., Bianchi, L., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 572
Tremaine, S., & Weinberg, M. D. 1984, ApJL, 282, L5
Tremonti, C. A., Heckman, T. M., Kauffmann, G., et al. 2004, ApJ, 613, 898
Trujillo, I., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Rudnick, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 18
Trujillo, I., & Pohlen, M. 2005, ApJL, 630, L17
Tully, R. B., & Fisher, J. R. 1977, A&A, 54, 661
van der Kruit, P. C. 1979, A&AS, 38, 15
van der Kruit, P. C. 1987, A&A, 173, 59
Vitvitska, M., Klypin, A. A., Kravtsov, A. V., et al. 2002, ApJ, 581, 799
Walter, F., Brinks, E., de Blok, W. J. G., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 2563
Warren, M. S., Quinn, P. J., Salmon, J. K., & Zurek, W. H. 1992, ApJ, 399, 405
Weiner, B. J., Sellwood, J. A., & Williams, T. B. 2001, ApJ, 546, 931
Whyte, L. F., Abraham, R. G., Merrifield, M. R., et al. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 1281
Wozniak, H., Friedli, D., Martinet, L., Martin, P., & Bratschi, P. 1995, A&AS, 111, 115
Yoachim, P., Roškar, R., & Debattista, V. P. 2010, ApJL, 716, L4
Yoachim, P., Roškar, R., & Debattista, V. P. 2012, ApJ, 752, 97
Younger, J. D., Cox, T. J., Seth, A. C., & Hernquist, L. 2007, ApJ, 670, 269
Zaritsky, D., & Christlein, D. 2007, AJ, 134, 135
Zaritsky, D., & Lo, K. Y. 1986, ApJ, 303, 66
Zibetti, S., & Groves, B. 2011, MNRAS, 417, 812