Publication: Altamira, tercera vida
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2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones
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Abstract
Entre septiembre de 2012 y agosto de 2014 se desarrolló el Programa de Investigación para la Conservación Preventiva y Régimen de Acceso de la Cueva de Altamira, promovido por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte y coordinado por el Instituto de Patrimonio Cultural de España (IPCE), con la colaboración de la Subdirección General de Museos Estatales. Este programa desarrolló una investigación para proporcionar datos empíricos que permitiesen a los responsables del sitio (declarado Patrimonio Mundial en 1984) tomar una decisión informada para terminar con la indefinición actual en lo que respecta al acceso público al bien. Como parte del Programa, compuesto por cinco proyectos distintos, se desarrolló el Proyecto Valor Social de Altamira, liderado por el Incipit (CSIC). A diferencia de los otros cuatro proyectos, nuestro objeto de investigación no fue la cueva en sí misma (su materialidad y su ambiente), sino que nos centramos en la caracterización de Altamira como enclave patrimonial, y en las múltiples dimensiones de la experiencia humana en torno a él. No era nuestro objetivo generar conocimiento histórico a partir del registro arqueológico, ni a partir de la condición de obra de arte, sino generar conocimiento sobre lo que Altamira ha significado y generado, en términos sociales, desde su descubrimiento moderno (1868) hasta hoy; esto es: su condición de bien patrimonial. Nos apoyamos en una concepción del Patrimonio Cultural como fenómeno social total; esto es, como una realidad social que 1) aúna materialidad e inmaterialidad, 2) en un proceso histórico (tiene lugar en el tiempo y evoluciona con el mismo), 3)social (son los sujetos los que construyen y significan Altamira en forma diversa) y 4) valorativo: Altamira es un proceso histórico de producción de valor social del que formamos parte y al que, a un tiempo,intentamos modelizar. La investigación se basó, así, en dos aspectos fundamentales: la multivocalidad y la interdisciplinariedad. Multivocalidad porque el conocimiento emergió del protagonismo de los sujetos que significan y se apropian de Altamira. Interdisciplinariedad porque el acceso a las subjetividades y objetividades tuvo que plantearse a través de disciplinas diferentes (antropología, sociología, economía, historia, arqueología, cienciometría, ciencias de la información y la comunicación, museología) con sus técnicas específicas.
Between September 2012 and August 2014 we carried out the Research Programme on Preventive Conservation and Access Regime to the Cave of Altamira, promoted by the Ministry of Education and coordinated by the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain (IPCE), in collaboration with the Office of State Museums. This Programme conducted research to provide empirical data that would enable those responsible for the site (World Heritage in 1984) to make an informed decision to end the current uncertainty regarding public access to this asset. As part of the Programme, which consisted of a total of five different projects, the Project on Social Value of Altamira, led by Incipit (CSIC) was carried out. Unlike the other four projects, our object of investigation was the cave itself (its materiality and its environment), focusing on the characterization of Altamira as a heritage site, and the multiple dimensions of human experience around it. It was not our objective to generate historical knowledge from the archaeological record, or from its condition as a work of art, but to generate knowledge about what Altamira has meant and generated, in social terms, since its modern discovery (1868) until the present day; i.e., its status as a capital asset. We rely on a concept of cultural heritage as a total social phenomenon, as a social reality that 1) combines materiality and immateriality, 2) is a historical process (it takes place over time and evolves with it), 3) is a social process (it is the subjects that build and give meaning to Altamira in different ways) and 4) is a valuing process: Altamira is a historical process of producing social value to which we belong. The research was based on two aspects: Multivocality and Interdisciplinairety. Multivocality, because knowledge emerged from the role of the subjects which take meaning from and appropriate Altamira. Interdisciplinary, because access to the subjectivities and objectivities had to be raised through different disciplines (anthropology, sociology, economics, history, archaeology, scientometrics, information science and communication, museology) with specific techniques.
Between September 2012 and August 2014 we carried out the Research Programme on Preventive Conservation and Access Regime to the Cave of Altamira, promoted by the Ministry of Education and coordinated by the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain (IPCE), in collaboration with the Office of State Museums. This Programme conducted research to provide empirical data that would enable those responsible for the site (World Heritage in 1984) to make an informed decision to end the current uncertainty regarding public access to this asset. As part of the Programme, which consisted of a total of five different projects, the Project on Social Value of Altamira, led by Incipit (CSIC) was carried out. Unlike the other four projects, our object of investigation was the cave itself (its materiality and its environment), focusing on the characterization of Altamira as a heritage site, and the multiple dimensions of human experience around it. It was not our objective to generate historical knowledge from the archaeological record, or from its condition as a work of art, but to generate knowledge about what Altamira has meant and generated, in social terms, since its modern discovery (1868) until the present day; i.e., its status as a capital asset. We rely on a concept of cultural heritage as a total social phenomenon, as a social reality that 1) combines materiality and immateriality, 2) is a historical process (it takes place over time and evolves with it), 3) is a social process (it is the subjects that build and give meaning to Altamira in different ways) and 4) is a valuing process: Altamira is a historical process of producing social value to which we belong. The research was based on two aspects: Multivocality and Interdisciplinairety. Multivocality, because knowledge emerged from the role of the subjects which take meaning from and appropriate Altamira. Interdisciplinary, because access to the subjectivities and objectivities had to be raised through different disciplines (anthropology, sociology, economics, history, archaeology, scientometrics, information science and communication, museology) with specific techniques.