Publication: Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera near-infrared features in the outer parts of S^4G galaxies
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2014-11-11
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
We present a catalogue and images of visually detected features, such as asymmetries, extensions, warps, shells, tidal tails, polar rings, and obvious signs of mergers or interactions, in the faint outer regions (at and outside of R_25) of nearby galaxies. This catalogue can be used in future quantitative studies that examine galaxy evolution due to internal and external factors. We are able to reliably detect outer region features down to a brightness level of 0.03 MJy sr^−1 pixel^−1 at 3.6 μm in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G). We also tabulate companion galaxies. We find asymmetries in the outer isophotes in 22 ± 1 per cent of the sample. The asymmetry fraction does not correlate with galaxy classification as an interacting galaxy or merger remnant, or with the presence of companions. We also compare the detected features to similar features in galaxies taken from cosmological zoom re-simulations. The simulated images have a higher fraction (33 per cent) of outer disc asymmetries, which may be due to selection effects and an uncertain star formation threshold in the models. The asymmetries may have either an internal (e.g. lopsidedness due to dark halo asymmetry) or external origin.
Description
© 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Artículo firmado por 29 autores. We thank Ramin Skibba for helpful comments on a draft of this paper. We also thank Carrie Bridge for discussions on the merger rate. We acknowledge the helpful discussion with Chris Lintott about biases in classification. We acknowledge financial support to the DAGAL network from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement number PITN-GA-2011-289313. This work was cofunded under the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (FP7-COFUND). We also gratefully acknowledge support from NASA JPL/Spitzer grant RSA 1374189 provided for the S^4G project. EA and AB thank the CNES for support. KS, J-C M-M, TK, and TM acknowledge support from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The authors thank the entire S^4G team for their efforts in this project. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. We are grateful to the dedicated staff at the Spitzer Science Center for their help and support in planning and execution of this Exploration Science program. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by JPL, Caltech, under contract with NASA.
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Abraham R. G., Merrifield M. R., 2000, AJ, 120, 2835
Abraham R. G., van den Bergh S., Nair P., 2003, ApJ, 588, 218
Adams S. M., Zaritsky D., Sand D. J., Graham M. L., Bildfell C., Hoekstra H., Pritchet C., 2012, AJ, 144, 128
Ade P. A. R. et al., 2014, A&A, preprint (arXiv:1303.5076)
Arp H., 1966, ApJS, 14, 1
Athanassoula E., Bosma A., 1985, ARA&A, 23, 147
Atkinson A. M., Abraham R. G., Ferguson A. M. N., 2013, ApJ, 765, 28
Ball N. M., Loveday J., Fukugita M., Nakamura O., Okamura S., Brinkmann J., Brunner R. J., 2004, MNRAS, 348, 1038
Ball N. M., Brunner R. J., Myers A. D., Strand N. E., Alberts S. L., Tcheng D., 2008, ApJ, 683, 12
Bershady M. A., Jangren A., Conselice C. J., 2000, AJ, 119, 2645
Binggeli B., Sandage A., Tammann G. A., 1985, AJ, 90, 1681
Bosma A., 1991, in Casertano S., Sackett P. D., Briggs F. H., eds, Warped Disks and Inclined Rings Around Galaxies. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 181
Bournaud F., Combes F., 2003, A&A, 401, 817
Bridge C. R., Carlberg R. G., Sullivan M., 2010, ApJ, 709, 1067
Brook C. B., Governato F., Quinn T., Wadsley J., Brooks A. M., Willman B., Stilp A., Jonsson P., 2008, ApJ, 689, 678
Buta R., 1987, ApJS, 64, 1
Buta R., 1995, ApJS, 96, 39
Buta R. J., 2013, in Oswalt T. D., Keel W. C., eds, Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, p. 1
Buta R., Crocker D. A., 1991, AJ, 102, 1715
Buta R., Crocker D. A., 1992, AJ, 103, 1804
Buta R., Mitra S., de Vaucouleurs G., Corwin H. G., Jr, 1994, AJ, 107, 118
Buta R. J., Corwin H. G., Odewahn S. C., 2007, The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Buta R. J. et al., 2010, ApJS, 190, 147
Buta R. J. et al., 2014, ApJS, submitted
Casteels K. R. V. et al., 2013, MNRAS, 429, 1051
Cheng J. Y., Faber S. M., Simard L., Graves G. J., López E. D., Yan R., Cooper M. C., 2011, MNRAS, 412, 727
Comerón S. et al., 2011, ApJ, 741, 28
Comerón S. et al., 2012, ApJ, 759, 98
Comerón S. et al., 2014, A&A, 562, A121
Conselice C. J., 2003, ApJS, 147, 1
Dale D. A. et al., 2009, ApJ, 703, 517
de Vaucouleurs G., de Vaucouleurs A., 1964, Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies. University of Texas Monographs in Astronomy, No. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin, TX
Elmegreen D. M., Elmegreen B. G., Ferguson T., Mullan B., 2007, ApJ, 663, 734
Eskew M., Zaritsky D., Meidt S., 2012, AJ, 143, 139
Fazio G. G. et al., 2004, ApJS, 154, 10
Fernández Lorenzo M., Sulentic J., Verdes Montenegro L., Ruiz J. E., Sabater J., Sánchez S., 2012, A&A, 540, 47
Fioc M., Rocca-Volmerange B., 1999, preprint (arXiv:astro-ph/9912179)
Fukugita M. et al., 2007, AJ, 134, 579
Goderya S. N., Lolling S. M., 2002, Ap&SS, 279, 377
Hales C. A., Murphy T., Curran J. R., Middelberg E., Gaensler B. M., Norris R. P., 2012, MNRAS, 425, 979
Hibbard J. E., Yun M. S., 1999, AJ, 118, 62
Hibbard J. E., van Gorkom J. H., Rupen M. P., Schiminovich D. S., 2001, in Hibbard J. E., Rupen M. P., van Gorkom J. H., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 240, Gas and Galaxy Evolution. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 659
Holwerda B. W., Pirzkal N., Cox T. J., de Blok W. J. G., Weniger J., Bouchard A., Blyth S.-L., van der Heyden K. J., 2011, MNRAS, 416, 2426
Holwerda B. W. et al., 2014, ApJ, 781, 12
Hoyos C. et al., 2012, MNRAS, 419, 2703
Huertas Company M. et al., 2013, MNRAS, 428, 1715
Jog C., Combes F., 2009, Phys. Rep., 471, 75
Jogee S., Kenney J. D. P., Smith B. J., 1998, ApJ, 494, L185
Joye W. A., Mandel E., 2003, in Payne H. E., Jedrzejewski R. I., Hook R. N., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 295, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XII. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 489
Kennicutt R. C., Jr. et al., 2003, PASP, 115, 928
Kim T. et al., 2012, ApJ, 753, 43
Knapen J. H., Erroz Ferrer S., Roa J., Bakos J., Cisternas M., Leaman R., Szymanek N., 2014, A&A, preprint (arXiv:1406.4107)
Kormendy J., 2012, in Falcón Barroso J., Knapen J. H., eds, Secular Evolution of Galaxies. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 1
Kormendy J., Bender R., 2012, ApJS, 198, 2
Lahav O., 1995, Astrophys. Lett., 31, 73
Lintott C. J. et al., 2008, MNRAS, 389, 1179
Lintott C. J. et al., 2011, MNRAS, 410, 166
Lotz J. M., Primack J., Madau P., 2004, AJ, 128, 163
Macció A. V., Moore B., Stadel J., 2006, ApJ, 636, L25
Malin D. F., Carter D., 1980, Nature, 285, 643
Martig M., Bournaud F., Teyssier R., Dekel A., 2009, ApJ, 707, 250
Martig M., Bournaud F., Croton D. J., Dekel A., Teyssier R., 2012, ApJ, 756, 26
Martínez Delgado D., Peñarrubia J., Gabany R. J., Trujillo I., Majewski S. R., Pohlen M., 2008, ApJ, 689, 184
Martínez Delgado D., Pohlen M., Gabany R. J., Majewski S. R., Peñarrubia J., Palma C., 2009, ApJ, 692, 955
Martínez Delgado D. et al., 2010, AJ, 140, 962
Meidt S. et al., 2012a, ApJ, 744, 17
Meidt S. et al., 2012b, ApJ, 748, L30
Muñoz Mateos J. C. et al., 2009, ApJ, 703, 1569
Muñoz Mateos J. C. et al., 2014, ApJS, submitted
Nair P. B., Abraham R. G., 2010, ApJS, 186, 427
Ostriker E. C., Binney J. J., 1989, MNRAS, 237, 785
Reichard T. A., Heckman T. M., Rudnick G., Brinchmann J., Kauffmann G., 2008, ApJ, 677, 186
Reshetnikov V., Combes F., 1998, A&A, 337, 9
Reshetnikov V., Combes F., 1999, A&AS, 138, 101
Reshetnikov V. P., Faúndez Abans M., Oliveira Abans M., 2001, MNRAS, 322, 689
Rix H.-W., Zaritsky D., 1995, ApJ, 447, 82
Sales L., Lambas D. G., 2005, MNRAS, 356, 1045
Sánchez Saavedra M. L., Battaner E., Guijarro A., López Corradoira M., Castro Rodríguez N., 2003, A&A, 399, 457
Sandage A., 2005, ARA&A, 43, 581
Scarlata C. et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 406
Schweizer F., Seitzer P., 1988, ApJ, 328, 88
Schweizer F., Seitzer P., 1992, AJ, 104, 1039
Schweizer F., Whitmore B. C., Rubin V. C., 1983, AJ, 88, 909
Shamir L., 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1367
Sheth K. et al., 2010, PASP, 122, 1397
Storrie-Lombardi M. C., Lahav O., Sodre L., Jr, Storrie-Lombardi L. J., 1992, MNRAS, 259, 8
Tal T., van Dokkum P. G., Nelan J., Bezanson R., 2010, AJ, 138, 14170
Toomre A., Toomre J., 1972, ApJ, 178, 623
van Driel W. et al., 1995, AJ, 109, 942
Vorontsov-Velyaminov B. A., 1959 Atlas and Catalogue of Interacting Galaxies, Part I. Moscow Univ., Moscow
Vorontsov-Velyaminov B. A., 1977, A&AS, 28, 1
Wehner E. H., Gallagher J. S., Papaderos P., Fritze-von Alvensleben U., Westfall K. B., 2006, MNRAS, 371, 1047
Zaritsky D., Smith R., Frenk C., White S. D. M., 1993, ApJ, 405, 464
Zaritsky D. et al., 2013, ApJ, 772, 135