Publication: Warming patterns in regional climate change projections over the Iberian Peninsula
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2010-06
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Abstract
A set of four regional climate change projections over the Iberian Peninsula has been performed. Simulations were driven by two General Circulation Models (consisting of two versions of the same atmospheric model coupled to two different ocean models) under two different SRES scenario. The XXI century has been simulated following a full-transient approach with a climate version of the mesoscale model MM5. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis (EOF) is applied to the monthly mean series of daily maximum and minimum 2-metre temperature to extract the warming signal. The first EOF is able to capture the spatial structure of the warming. The obtained warming patterns are fairly dependent on the month, but hardly change with the tested scenarios and GCM versions. Their shapes are related to geographical parameters, such as distance to the sea and orography. The main differences among simulations mostly concern the temporal evolution of the warming. The temperature trend is stronger for maximum temperatures and depends on the scenario and the driving GCM. This asymmetry, as well as the different warming rates in summer and winter, leads to a continentalization of the climate over the IP.
Vier regionale Projektionen des Klimawandels im Bereich der Iberischen Halbinsel werden vorgestellt. Die zu Grunde liegenden numerischen Simulationen wurden durch die Ergebnisse aus je zwei unterschiedlichen globalen Zirkulationsmodellen (GCM) angetrieben, welche jeweils das identische Atmosphärenmodul mit unterschiedlichen Ozeanmodulen kombinieren. Dabei wurden für zwei SRES-Szenarios behandelt. Das XXI. Jahrhundert wurde zeitabhängig mit einer klimatauglichen Version des ursprünglich mesoskaligen MM5-Modells simuliert. Die resultierenden Zeitreihen der täglichen Maximaltemperatur und Minimaltemperatur in 2 m Höhe wurden mit der Methode der empirischen orthogonalen Funktionen (EOF) analysiert, um das Signal der Erwärmung zu extrahieren. Die erste EOF gibt die räumliche Struktur des Erwärmungsmusters wieder. Diese Muster sind deutlich monatsabhängig, unterscheiden sich jedoch kaum für die beiden Szenarios und die Versionen des antreibenden GCM. Ihre Eigenschaften hängen mit geographischen Parametern zusammen, wie zum Beispiel dem Abstand zur Küste und der Orographie. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede zwischen den Simulationen betreffen die zeitliche Entwicklung der Erwärmung. Dieser Trend ist ausgeprägter für die Maximaltemperaturen, und hängt von den Szenarios und den antreibenden GCM ab. Die zunehmenden täglichen Differenzen in Kombination mit den unterschiedlichen Erwärmungsraten in Sommer und Winter bedeuten eine Kontinentalisierung des Klimas der Iberischen Halbinsel.
Vier regionale Projektionen des Klimawandels im Bereich der Iberischen Halbinsel werden vorgestellt. Die zu Grunde liegenden numerischen Simulationen wurden durch die Ergebnisse aus je zwei unterschiedlichen globalen Zirkulationsmodellen (GCM) angetrieben, welche jeweils das identische Atmosphärenmodul mit unterschiedlichen Ozeanmodulen kombinieren. Dabei wurden für zwei SRES-Szenarios behandelt. Das XXI. Jahrhundert wurde zeitabhängig mit einer klimatauglichen Version des ursprünglich mesoskaligen MM5-Modells simuliert. Die resultierenden Zeitreihen der täglichen Maximaltemperatur und Minimaltemperatur in 2 m Höhe wurden mit der Methode der empirischen orthogonalen Funktionen (EOF) analysiert, um das Signal der Erwärmung zu extrahieren. Die erste EOF gibt die räumliche Struktur des Erwärmungsmusters wieder. Diese Muster sind deutlich monatsabhängig, unterscheiden sich jedoch kaum für die beiden Szenarios und die Versionen des antreibenden GCM. Ihre Eigenschaften hängen mit geographischen Parametern zusammen, wie zum Beispiel dem Abstand zur Küste und der Orographie. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede zwischen den Simulationen betreffen die zeitliche Entwicklung der Erwärmung. Dieser Trend ist ausgeprägter für die Maximaltemperaturen, und hängt von den Szenarios und den antreibenden GCM ab. Die zunehmenden täglichen Differenzen in Kombination mit den unterschiedlichen Erwärmungsraten in Sommer und Winter bedeuten eine Kontinentalisierung des Klimas der Iberischen Halbinsel.
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© by Gebrüder Borntraeger 2010.
Lund Regional-Scale Climate Modelling Workshop (2nd. 2009. Lund, Sweden). This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (project ESCENA, Ref. 20080050084265) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (project SPECMORE-CGL2008-06558-C02-02/CLI). The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Water (IEA) and the Regional Agency for Science and Technology of Murcia (Fundación Séneca, Ref. 00619/PI/04 and 11047/EE1/09). J.J. GÓMEZ NAVARRO thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for his Doctoral scholarship (AP2006- 04100). Thanks to the Max Planck Institute and DKRZ for providing the access and computational support necessary to get the GCM simulation data employed in this work. Also thanks to the professor Volker RATH for translating the abstract into German.
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