Publication: Cultura política y filosofía del Estado en Ortega y Gasset, (1905-1932)
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2016-04-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El concepto de cultura política fue adoptado por Gabriel Almond y Sidney Verba a mediados del siglo XX. Constataron que una cultura política es condicionante de la vida pública de una sociedad y la marcha de un sistema democrático, por lo que la definieron como un sistema de creencias, valores y normas que determinan una actitud social ante el hecho político. Este concepto de cultura política es trasladado, en esta tesis doctoral, a la filosofía política de Ortega, que, a pesar de ser previa al origen del término en las fechas mencionadas, lo define con la misma magnitud que Almond y Verba. Aun así, para el caso del filósofo madrileño, la cultura política todavía encuentra una explicación más completa. Por un lado, tenía atribuida un carácter de historicidad que recogía el impulso de la vida humana en unas coordenadas históricas concretas; por otro, consideraba la formación y la educación política del individuo y del profesional de la política el modo con el que tener una actitud crítica ante la vida pública, que sirviera a la sociedad para realizar un proyecto de vida en común. Almond y Verba, como también otros autores que trabajaron posteriormente sobre el mismo concepto, no se acogen al conocimiento político como elemento decisivo de una cultura política. Sin embargo, para Ortega, es un factor determinante y estaría contenido en el origen del término. En este sentido, la teoría de la cultura política orteguiana recoge el influjo de las pedagogías neokantiana, krausista y de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, como de la paideia de los filósofos griegos Sócrates, Platón y Aristóteles, de acuerdo con la idea de que la educación era el fundamento propiciador para el cambio en el ámbito social y la vida política y parlamentaria...
The concept of political culture was adopted by Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that a political culture is decisive for the public life of a society and the progress of a democratic system, so they defined it as a system of beliefs, values and norms that determine a social attitude to the political incident. This concept of political culture is transferred, in this thesis, to the Ortega political philosophy, who, despite being prior to the origin of the term in mentioned dates; he defines it with the same magnitude as Almond and Verba. Even so, in the case of the Madrilenian philosopher, the political culture still finds a more complete explanation. On the one hand, it had assigned a character of historicity, which collects the impulse of human life in a specific historical coordinates; on the other hand, it considered the training and political education of the individual and the policy professional as the manner to have a critical attitude to public life, which helps the society to carry out a common life project. Almond and Verba, as also other authors who later worked on the same concept; don’t accept the political knowledge as a critical element of a political culture. However, for Ortega, it is a determining factor and would be contained in the origin of the term. In this sense, Ortega political culture theory draws upon the influence of neokantian and krausist pedagogies and the Free Educational Institution, as the paideia of the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, in accordance with the idea that education was the foundation proponent for change in the social, political and parliamentary life...
The concept of political culture was adopted by Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that a political culture is decisive for the public life of a society and the progress of a democratic system, so they defined it as a system of beliefs, values and norms that determine a social attitude to the political incident. This concept of political culture is transferred, in this thesis, to the Ortega political philosophy, who, despite being prior to the origin of the term in mentioned dates; he defines it with the same magnitude as Almond and Verba. Even so, in the case of the Madrilenian philosopher, the political culture still finds a more complete explanation. On the one hand, it had assigned a character of historicity, which collects the impulse of human life in a specific historical coordinates; on the other hand, it considered the training and political education of the individual and the policy professional as the manner to have a critical attitude to public life, which helps the society to carry out a common life project. Almond and Verba, as also other authors who later worked on the same concept; don’t accept the political knowledge as a critical element of a political culture. However, for Ortega, it is a determining factor and would be contained in the origin of the term. In this sense, Ortega political culture theory draws upon the influence of neokantian and krausist pedagogies and the Free Educational Institution, as the paideia of the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, in accordance with the idea that education was the foundation proponent for change in the social, political and parliamentary life...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Historia de la Filosofía, leída el 18-01-2016