Publication: El enfoque de legitimación y dinámica política (LDP) como propuesta para el estudio de la estabilidad y el cambio de las políticas públicas
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2016-04-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis define y aplica un enfoque alternativo para el estudio de la estabilidad y el cambio de las políticas públicas (aquí llamado “enfoque de legitimación y dinámica política” o “enfoque LDP” por sus siglas en castellano). Este enfoque se basa en una adaptación del modelo de D. Beetham para el estudio de la legitimidad en ciencias sociales (Beetham, 1991) y de varios desarrollos teóricos para el estudio del cambio de las políticas públicas (policy change) y para la explicación del comportamiento de los actores políticos en el proceso de las políticas públicas. Este trabajo toma en cuenta los desarrollos más representativos para el estudio del policy process y su literatura específica sobre el cambio de las políticas. Se trata por tanto de un enfoque sintético. El enfoque LDP se basa por un lado en una concepción sustantiva y multidimensional de la legitimación del poder (y de la importancia de la legitimidad como aspecto clave asociado a los diseños políticos y al proceso de las políticas públicas). Por otro lado, se basa en el imperativo que supone para los actores políticos de la coalición dominante mantener el control sobre la política pública, sobre los diseños de la política y sobre sus recursos (y específicamente, sobre la dinámica a la que se enfrenta en su ciclo vital), como dos prioridades o motores causales (causal drivers) que, vinculados estrechamente, operan e interactúan de forma determinante en la acción política y en los procesos de cambio y estabilidad. Legitimación y control sobre la política pública (sobre sus diseños y sus recursos) son pues las variables clave...
This dissertation defines an alternative approach for the study of policy stability and change (here called "legitimation and policy dynamics approach" or "LDP approach by its spanish language abreviation"). This approach is based on D. Beetham's legitimation of power model for the study of legitimacy in social sciences (Beetham, 1991 1419) and several theoretical developments for the study of policy change and others related with actor's behavior in the policy process at the political and organizational sphere. LDP approach takes into account most representative developments for the study of the policy process and specific literature on policy change. It is therefore a synthetic approach. At first, LDP approach assumes a substantive and multidimensional view of the legitimation of power (as well as the importance of legitimacy as a key issue for policy designs and the policy process). Secondly, LDP is based on the imperative that force political actors of the dominant coalition to maintain control over public policy, over its designs and resources, (control during policy life cycle). These are two closely linked key priorities - causal drivers- which interact during the policy process. LDP approach proposes the use of the "legitimacy pattern" as a unit of analysis. Under LDP perspective, policy dynamics and the policy trajectories identified in the literature could be explained as the result of complex processes of a) dissolution, b) weakening, c) strengthening or d) transformation of the legitimacy pattern linked to public policy and its designs. LDP approach's fundamental premise is that the transformation of the legitimacy pattern defines major policy change. Due that policy researchers can not look for, and see, everything, theories become a useful tool in advancing knowledge. They tell researcher what to look for, that is, what factors may be critically important versus those than can be safely ignored (Sabatier, 2007c:4 16892), or in other words, the goal is to understand in a simple way - complex processes, focusing on one or more key items - actors, institutions, networks, ideas and contexts (see Cairney, 2015:3 18157)...
This dissertation defines an alternative approach for the study of policy stability and change (here called "legitimation and policy dynamics approach" or "LDP approach by its spanish language abreviation"). This approach is based on D. Beetham's legitimation of power model for the study of legitimacy in social sciences (Beetham, 1991 1419) and several theoretical developments for the study of policy change and others related with actor's behavior in the policy process at the political and organizational sphere. LDP approach takes into account most representative developments for the study of the policy process and specific literature on policy change. It is therefore a synthetic approach. At first, LDP approach assumes a substantive and multidimensional view of the legitimation of power (as well as the importance of legitimacy as a key issue for policy designs and the policy process). Secondly, LDP is based on the imperative that force political actors of the dominant coalition to maintain control over public policy, over its designs and resources, (control during policy life cycle). These are two closely linked key priorities - causal drivers- which interact during the policy process. LDP approach proposes the use of the "legitimacy pattern" as a unit of analysis. Under LDP perspective, policy dynamics and the policy trajectories identified in the literature could be explained as the result of complex processes of a) dissolution, b) weakening, c) strengthening or d) transformation of the legitimacy pattern linked to public policy and its designs. LDP approach's fundamental premise is that the transformation of the legitimacy pattern defines major policy change. Due that policy researchers can not look for, and see, everything, theories become a useful tool in advancing knowledge. They tell researcher what to look for, that is, what factors may be critically important versus those than can be safely ignored (Sabatier, 2007c:4 16892), or in other words, the goal is to understand in a simple way - complex processes, focusing on one or more key items - actors, institutions, networks, ideas and contexts (see Cairney, 2015:3 18157)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 11-12-2015