Publication: Mercado de trabajo de personas con discapacidad: teoría, política y aplicaciones
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2016-04-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En el contexto socioeconómico actual, la obtención y desempeño de un puesto de trabajo supone para cualquier individuo un hecho determinante, por las implicaciones que conlleva en cuanto a independencia económica, de desarrollo humano, de integración en la sociedad, de generación de un sentimiento de utilidad social y de mejora de la autoestima del individuo por la vía del reconocimiento social. Para las personas con discapacidad además va a suponer la potenciación de unas capacidades y habilidades sociolaborales, siendo un medio de incorporación más efectiva y plena a la sociedad, favoreciendo un desarrollo personal y profesional, gracias a la satisfacción que se deriva de estar ocupado laboralmente, las relaciones sociales que se establecen con su entorno y, principalmente, por la imagen positiva que el individuo genera de si mismo. Sin embargo, se observa que las personas con discapacidad no se están incorporando al mercado de trabajo, ya que registran unas tasas de actividad y empleo más reducidas que las personas sin discapacidad, según la Encuesta de Discapacidad, Autonomía Personal y Situaciones de Dependencia realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en 2008. Ahora bien, si tal incorporación laboral no se está produciendo, resulta importante conocer cuáles son las circunstancias concretas que arrojan como resultado una deserción tan evidente del mercado laboral. Podría ocurrir que tales circunstancias se correspondan con determinadas características de los interesados, que los estén alejando del mercado laboral; o que se encuentren en el comportamiento de los demandantes de mano de obra, generando obstáculos para su integración; o que estén en el propio mercado en sus reglas de funcionamiento y en sus mecanismos de ajuste...
In the current socioeconomic context, finding and maintaining a job becomes crucial for its implications in terms of economic independence, personal development, integration into society, and generating a feeling of improving self-esteem. For people with disabilities, in addition, finding a job strengthen its social and labor skills, facilitates a full incorporation into society by promoting personal and professional development through the satisfaction that comes from being employed, improved social relationships and, particularly, the positive image that the individual creates of himself. However, it is a fact that people with disabilities are not fully incorporated into the labor market, as shown by its lower employment rates when compared with people without disabilities, according to the Survey of Disability, Independence and Dependency Situations conducted by Institute Nacional de Estadística (INE) in 2008. Given such evidence, it is important to analyze which are the specific circumstances that drive the defection from the labor market. It could be potentially attributed to certain characteristics of the disable people, to the conduct of the applicants, which may create obstacles to their integration; or to market dynamics in their own operating rules and their adjustment mechanisms. Several authors warn of possible personal limitations that reduce the employability of this segment of the population; or signal family behaviors and state aid as elements that discourage the interest of those affected to participate in the market. But in any case, many authors cite serious restrictions in the labor demand which come from certain attitudes, motivations and prejudices that affect the hiring of people with disabilities. Additionally, the particular conditions of the labor market may be also blamed for the existence of inequalities, whether in the recruitment process, the promotions, the offered wages or in general the employment conditions, which can result in a situation economic discrimination...
In the current socioeconomic context, finding and maintaining a job becomes crucial for its implications in terms of economic independence, personal development, integration into society, and generating a feeling of improving self-esteem. For people with disabilities, in addition, finding a job strengthen its social and labor skills, facilitates a full incorporation into society by promoting personal and professional development through the satisfaction that comes from being employed, improved social relationships and, particularly, the positive image that the individual creates of himself. However, it is a fact that people with disabilities are not fully incorporated into the labor market, as shown by its lower employment rates when compared with people without disabilities, according to the Survey of Disability, Independence and Dependency Situations conducted by Institute Nacional de Estadística (INE) in 2008. Given such evidence, it is important to analyze which are the specific circumstances that drive the defection from the labor market. It could be potentially attributed to certain characteristics of the disable people, to the conduct of the applicants, which may create obstacles to their integration; or to market dynamics in their own operating rules and their adjustment mechanisms. Several authors warn of possible personal limitations that reduce the employability of this segment of the population; or signal family behaviors and state aid as elements that discourage the interest of those affected to participate in the market. But in any case, many authors cite serious restrictions in the labor demand which come from certain attitudes, motivations and prejudices that affect the hiring of people with disabilities. Additionally, the particular conditions of the labor market may be also blamed for the existence of inequalities, whether in the recruitment process, the promotions, the offered wages or in general the employment conditions, which can result in a situation economic discrimination...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada III, leída el 02-12-2015