Publication: Los profesionales de la intervención social: función y su representación subjetiva
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2016-04-29
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
sta investigación pretende conocer diversos aspectos de la representación subjetiva de los profesionales más destacados de la intervención social: sociólogos, psicólogos, trabajadores sociales, educadores sociales, animadores socioculturales e integradores sociales. Las dimensiones que se han analizado son sus funciones, su aportación social, su percepción de la realidad sobre la que intervienen y de los destinatarios de su trabajo, las relaciones con los demás profesionales, el desarrollo profesional, las dificultades que encuentran y las consecuencias de su acción, sobre todo en lo referente a su contribución al cambio social. Con la intención de entender más la representación social de estos profesionales se realizó una comparativa con los ámbitos sanitario y educativo y además con los estudiantes de educación social y los profesionales, para reflexionar sobre la socialización de la profesión. Consideramos que la investigación sobre los profesionales de la intervención social cuenta con un elenco de trabajos, pero que mayoritariamente se circunscriben a una sola profesión o que se centran en las funciones y no las representaciones subjetiva. Es por ello que consideramos oportuna esta investigación. Esta investigación se enmarca dentro de la perspectiva de la Psicología Social crítica, coherente con mi formación como psicólogo y sociólogo y con la intención de profundizar sobre la intersección de ambas disciplinas de una forma transformadora y que sugiera aportaciones para mejorar la acción social. El estudio que se realiza es cualitativo, coherente con el objeto de estudio y el método de análisis elegido e inspirado en Michael Foucault (1987). Se ha realizado un análisis de los distintos discursos constatándose las semejanzas y las diferencias entre los profesionales y entre los ámbitos en lo referente a las distintas dimensiones planteadas. Algunas de las conclusiones más relevantes de esta investigación son que el estudio de los profesionales es un tema relevante de investigación dentro de las ciencias sociales, que el discurso de los profesionales de la intervención social constituye al sujeto de su acción, que está al servicio de expectativas y necesidades de los mismos profesionales y que las funciones de los profesionales determinan su visión de la realidad y no al revés. Sobre la representación de las causas que provocan las dificultades sociales aparecen como las más relevantes el sistema individual seguido del macrosocial y con poca importancia de los sistemas intermedios. Existen disyuntivas en el discurso sobre la aportación de los profesionales: adaptar, normalizar o dar protagonismo a los destinatarios, ayudar o controlar. La profesionalización de los profesionales de la intervención social presenta puntos fuertes y debilidades. Apreciamos un incremento de los programas dirigidos a los individuos y a sus familias en detrimento de la intervención más comunitaria y preventiva. A esto se añade la psicologización de la intervención, coherente con el desarrollo político actual. En la socialización de los profesionales, en su periodo de formación constatamos la gran importancia de la interacción con los compañeros como fuente de aprendizaje. Los sociólogos se encuentran poco presentes en la intervención social, planteándose la utilidad del incremento de su aportación a este ámbito profesional.
This investigation tries to know diverse aspects of the subjective representation of the professionals most distinguished from the social intervention sociologists, psychologists, social workers, social educators, sociocultural entertainers and social integrators. The dimensions that sound has been analyzed his functions, his social contribution, his perception of the reality on which they intervene and of the addressees of his work, the relations with other professionals, the professional development, the difficulties that they find and the consequences of his action, especially in what concerns his contribution to the social change. With the intention of understanding more the social representation of these professionals, the comparative one was realized by the areas sanitarily, educationally, and in addition by the students of social education and the professionals, to think about the socialization of the profession. We think that the investigation on the professionals of the social intervention possesses an index of works, but that for the most part limit themselves to an alone profession or that centre on the functions and not the representations subjective. It is for it that we consider this investigation to be opportune. This investigation places inside the perspective of the Social critical, coherent Psychology with my formation as psychologist and sociologist and with the intention of penetrating on the intersection of both disciplines of a form innovative and that suggests contributions to improve the social action. The study that is realized is qualitative, coherent in order study and the method of analysis chosen and inspired by Michael Foucault (1987). There has been realized an analysis of the different speeches there being stated the similarities and the differences between the professionals and between the areas in what concerns the different raised dimensions. Some of the most relevant conclusions of this investigation are that the study of the professionals is a relevant topic of investigation inside the social sciences, which the speech of the professionals of the social intervention constitutes to the subject of his action, which is to the service of expectations and needs of the same professionals and which the functions of the professionals determine his vision of the reality and not upside-down. On the representation of the reasons that provoke the social difficulties, they turn out to be like the most relevant the individual system followed by the macrosocial one and with little importance of the intermediate systems. Dilemmas exist in the speech on the contribution of the professionals: to adapt, to normalize or to give protagonism to the addressees, to help or to control. The professionalization of the professionals of the social intervention presents strong points and weaknesses. We estimate an increase of the programs directed the individuals and his families to the detriment of the most community and preventive intervention. To this is added the psicologización of the intervention, coherent by the political current development. In the socialization of the professionals, in his period of formation we state the great importance of the interaction with the companions as source of learning. The sociologists are slightly present in the social intervention, appearing the usefulness of the increase of his contribution to this professional area.
This investigation tries to know diverse aspects of the subjective representation of the professionals most distinguished from the social intervention sociologists, psychologists, social workers, social educators, sociocultural entertainers and social integrators. The dimensions that sound has been analyzed his functions, his social contribution, his perception of the reality on which they intervene and of the addressees of his work, the relations with other professionals, the professional development, the difficulties that they find and the consequences of his action, especially in what concerns his contribution to the social change. With the intention of understanding more the social representation of these professionals, the comparative one was realized by the areas sanitarily, educationally, and in addition by the students of social education and the professionals, to think about the socialization of the profession. We think that the investigation on the professionals of the social intervention possesses an index of works, but that for the most part limit themselves to an alone profession or that centre on the functions and not the representations subjective. It is for it that we consider this investigation to be opportune. This investigation places inside the perspective of the Social critical, coherent Psychology with my formation as psychologist and sociologist and with the intention of penetrating on the intersection of both disciplines of a form innovative and that suggests contributions to improve the social action. The study that is realized is qualitative, coherent in order study and the method of analysis chosen and inspired by Michael Foucault (1987). There has been realized an analysis of the different speeches there being stated the similarities and the differences between the professionals and between the areas in what concerns the different raised dimensions. Some of the most relevant conclusions of this investigation are that the study of the professionals is a relevant topic of investigation inside the social sciences, which the speech of the professionals of the social intervention constitutes to the subject of his action, which is to the service of expectations and needs of the same professionals and which the functions of the professionals determine his vision of the reality and not upside-down. On the representation of the reasons that provoke the social difficulties, they turn out to be like the most relevant the individual system followed by the macrosocial one and with little importance of the intermediate systems. Dilemmas exist in the speech on the contribution of the professionals: to adapt, to normalize or to give protagonism to the addressees, to help or to control. The professionalization of the professionals of the social intervention presents strong points and weaknesses. We estimate an increase of the programs directed the individuals and his families to the detriment of the most community and preventive intervention. To this is added the psicologización of the intervention, coherent by the political current development. In the socialization of the professionals, in his period of formation we state the great importance of the interaction with the companions as source of learning. The sociologists are slightly present in the social intervention, appearing the usefulness of the increase of his contribution to this professional area.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Psicología Social, leída el 29-10-2015