Publication: La política de enfrentamiento en Taiwán, 1982-1990
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2016-05-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis estudia la política de enfrentamiento en Taiwán entre principios de 1982 y finales de 1990. Forma parte de una corriente de la ciencia política, la sociología y la historia que considera que las manifestaciones, las peticiones, las huelgas, los movimientos sociales, los ciclos de protesta, las revoluciones, las rebeliones, las guerras civiles, etc., son fenómenos de un mismo ámbito del conjunto de la política: contentious politics según la denominación, con éxito en los trabajos en lengua inglesa, de los autores que primero expusieron este argumento, los estadounidenses McAdam, Tarrow y Tilly; política de enfrentamiento según la traducción al castellano de Rafael Cruz y que asumo como la más apropiada. Entre los dos momentos señalados y en el contexto de un régimen autoritario se produjo en Taiwán un ciclo de protesta, de acuerdo al concepto formulado por Tarrow. Incluyó acontecimientos aislados de acción colectiva y movimientos sociales. El trabajo contiene una amplia parte narrativa de los hechos históricos de la política de enfrentamiento, y otra más explicativa del «por qué» y el «cómo» del ciclo de protesta, los movimientos sociales, que identifico, y en general la acción colectiva. Las oportunidades políticas que incentivan la última, el repertorio de formas de la misma, los significados compartidos por los participantes en ella y las redes sociales de comunicación entre estos explican lo fundamental del inicio, desarrollo y final del ciclo de protesta, y por consiguiente de los movimientos sociales desencadenados y acontecimientos de acción colectiva ocurridos. Entre esos cuatro factores, las oportunidades políticas ―su apertura, aprovechamiento y cierre― fueron el más determinante para el inicio y el desarrollo del ciclo de protesta tanto en su fase ascendente como en su fase descendente, y para su final.
The present thesis is a study of contentious politics in Taiwan from early 1982 to end of 1990. It is example of a recent theoretical approach in political science, sociology and history that considers public manifestations, petitions, labor strikes, social movements, cycles of protest, revolutions, rebellions, civil wars, etc., as phenomena of some common character underlying politics. The contentious politics concept was introduced by American authors McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly, who first formulated it in detail; Rafael Cruz successfully adapted it into Spanish as política de enfrentamiento, which I am using throughout my thesis. A paradigmatic cycle of protest, following the concept as formulated by Tarrow, took place in Taiwan during those two moments above and under conditions of an authoritarian political regime. It involved social movements and isolated events of collective action. My research work includes a detailed description of the historical facts in this actual case of contentious politics as well as an explanatory analysis of both “why” and “how” in the cycle of protest, the social movements, which I identify, and generally speaking collective action. The political opportunities that incentives collective action, the repertory of their forms, the significances shared by participants, and the social communication networks between these, are shown to explain the basics in the start of all three stages, beginning, development, and closing of the cycle of protest, and therefore the accompanying social movements and events of collective action. Among those four factors, the political opportunities ―their opening, exploitation, and closure― proved to be most determinant for the beginning and development of the cycle of protest in both its ascending phase and its descending phase, and for its ending.
The present thesis is a study of contentious politics in Taiwan from early 1982 to end of 1990. It is example of a recent theoretical approach in political science, sociology and history that considers public manifestations, petitions, labor strikes, social movements, cycles of protest, revolutions, rebellions, civil wars, etc., as phenomena of some common character underlying politics. The contentious politics concept was introduced by American authors McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly, who first formulated it in detail; Rafael Cruz successfully adapted it into Spanish as política de enfrentamiento, which I am using throughout my thesis. A paradigmatic cycle of protest, following the concept as formulated by Tarrow, took place in Taiwan during those two moments above and under conditions of an authoritarian political regime. It involved social movements and isolated events of collective action. My research work includes a detailed description of the historical facts in this actual case of contentious politics as well as an explanatory analysis of both “why” and “how” in the cycle of protest, the social movements, which I identify, and generally speaking collective action. The political opportunities that incentives collective action, the repertory of their forms, the significances shared by participants, and the social communication networks between these, are shown to explain the basics in the start of all three stages, beginning, development, and closing of the cycle of protest, and therefore the accompanying social movements and events of collective action. Among those four factors, the political opportunities ―their opening, exploitation, and closure― proved to be most determinant for the beginning and development of the cycle of protest in both its ascending phase and its descending phase, and for its ending.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Historia del Pensamiento y de los Movimientos Sociales y Políticos, leída el 17-11-2015