Publication: Efecto de la diversidad sobre la cognición y los procesos de coordinación implícita de equipos que trabajan en emergencias y desastres
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2016-05-04
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El aumento en la frecuencia y el impacto de las emergencias y los desastres en todo el mundo requiere tener equipos mejor preparados para responder a ellos, particularmente los equipos de respuesta voluntarios. Sin embargo, para que estos equipos puedan tener un desempeño exitoso, no solamente requieren habilidades individuales, disposición y experiencia, sino que también factores a nivel de equipo que promuevan las acciones conjuntas y una sinergia apropiada entre sus miembros. En respuesta a esta necesidad, este estudio presenta dos metas principales. Por un lado, un primer estudio exploratorio identificó aquellos procesos de equipo y estados emergentes que permiten a los equipos de emergencia desempeñarse de manera apropiada. Uno de los factores clave es la composición del equipo, específicamente su diversidad. Concordando con la literatura sobre diversidad organizacional, encontramos que la diversidad puede aportar varias perspectivas y diferentes conocimientos al equipo, permitiendo un mejor proceso de toma de decisiones, pero la diversidad también puede perturbar los procesos y resultados de los equipos. El segundo factor que hallamos es aquel que la literatura define como coordinación implícita, un mecanismo a través del cual los miembros del equipo pueden coordinarse sin necesidad de tener un proceso comunicacional explícito (un aspecto importante en situaciones de emergencia). Por otro lado, sobre la base de los principales resultados del primer estudio, construimos un modelo predictivo para el desempeño de los equipos, estudiando los efectos que tiene la diversidad en los modelos mentales compartidos (SMM) situacionales, los procesos de coordinación implícita y, finalmente, en el desempeño general del equipo...
The increased frequency and impact of emergencies and disasters throughout the world requires having better prepared teams in order to respond to them, particularly volunteer response teams. However, for these teams to have a successful performance, they not only require individual skills, willingness, and experience, but also team-level factors that promote joint actions and a proper synergy between their members. To satisfy this need, this study presents two main goals. On the one hand, a first qualitative exploratory study identified those team processes and emergent states that allow emergency teams to perform properly. One of the key factors is team composition, specifically in terms of diversity. In line with the literature on organizational diversity, we found that diversity can bring several perspectives and assorted knowledge to the team, allowing for better decision making, but diversity can also disrupt team processes and outcomes. The second key factor we found is what the literature defines as implicit coordination, a mechanism through which teammates can coordinate without the necessity of an explicit communication process (an important aspect in emergency situations). On the other hand, based on the main results of the first study, we built a predictive model for team performance, studying the effects that diversity has on situational shared mental models (SMM), implicit coordination processes and, finally, on overall team performance. To achieve this second goal, we developed a multisource field correlational research design that involved 60 Chilean teams of night shift volunteer firefighters and their leaders, all of them from the Metropolitan and the Valparaíso regions of Chile...
The increased frequency and impact of emergencies and disasters throughout the world requires having better prepared teams in order to respond to them, particularly volunteer response teams. However, for these teams to have a successful performance, they not only require individual skills, willingness, and experience, but also team-level factors that promote joint actions and a proper synergy between their members. To satisfy this need, this study presents two main goals. On the one hand, a first qualitative exploratory study identified those team processes and emergent states that allow emergency teams to perform properly. One of the key factors is team composition, specifically in terms of diversity. In line with the literature on organizational diversity, we found that diversity can bring several perspectives and assorted knowledge to the team, allowing for better decision making, but diversity can also disrupt team processes and outcomes. The second key factor we found is what the literature defines as implicit coordination, a mechanism through which teammates can coordinate without the necessity of an explicit communication process (an important aspect in emergency situations). On the other hand, based on the main results of the first study, we built a predictive model for team performance, studying the effects that diversity has on situational shared mental models (SMM), implicit coordination processes and, finally, on overall team performance. To achieve this second goal, we developed a multisource field correlational research design that involved 60 Chilean teams of night shift volunteer firefighters and their leaders, all of them from the Metropolitan and the Valparaíso regions of Chile...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social, leída el 03-02-2016