Publication: Actividad cognitiva y trastorno obsesivo compulsivo
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2016-05-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El estudio de la emoción y la cognición constituyen dos de las grandes áreas de interés en la psicología desde su origen. Fue necesaria la llegada del paradigma cognitivo-conductual para que el análisis de ambas áreas de estudio alcanzaran su mayor interés y desarrollo empírico, a través del estudio de su interrelación, implicaciones, evaluación y tratamiento, permitiendo dar validez científica a los supuestos teóricos y así alcanzar el nivel de ciencia en el que depositar todo ello. Centrándonos en el desarrollo de los modelos cognitivos, revisaremos en primer lugar los conceptos fundamentales para el estudio del Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (en adelante TOC), continuaremos con un acercamiento a los principales modelos explicativos, haciendo hincapié en el análisis de los sesgos cognitivos, especialmente aquellos que afectan a la tendencia obsesiva, es decir, los sesgos atencionales y los sesgos de interpretación, así como los más novedosos modelos metacognitivos de estudio e investigación. Así en el análisis de la actividad cognitiva, especialmente aquella que subyace al procesamiento de los pacientes con tendencias obsesivas o con un diagnóstico de TOC, partimos tanto de los enfoques que la explican a través de la perspectiva de que el pensamiento obsesivo es debido a un fallo en el procesamiento de la información, como aquellos modelos explicativos que postulan que la importancia para entender la actividad cognitiva TOC radica en la tendencia a desarrollar creencias disfuncionales que determinan el pensamiento y por tanto, las obsesiones y las consecuentes compulsiones que dificultan la vida de nuestros pacientes. Junto a ambas perspectivas, que nos sitúan en el marco de lo cognitivo, nos acercaremos, ya de forma experimental al TOC y al pensamiento con tendencias obsesivas, para ahondar en su vinculación con los aspectos emocionales a través del papel que tienen el sentido de culpa y la empatía...
The study of Emotion and Cognition are two of the major areas of interest in Psychology since its early days. The arrival of the cognitive-behavioral paradigm was the key so that the analysis of these two areas of study reach their greatest interest and empirical development through the study of their interrelationship, implications, assessment and treatment, allowing the scientific validity of the theoretical hypotheses, thus achieving the level of social science. Focusing on the development of cognitive models, firstly we will review the fundamental concepts for the study of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD). Then we will approach to the main explanatory models, putting an emphasis on the analysis of cognitive biases (especially those affecting the obsessive tendency, that is, attentional and interpretation biases) as well as the newest metacognitive models of study and research. Thus in the analysis of cognitive activity, especially the one underlying the processing of patients with obsessive tendencies or with OCD diagnosis, we start from the approaches which explain this activity through the perspective of the obsessive thought due to an failure in the processing of the information, and also from those explicatory models which assume that the importance to understand OCD cognitive activity is actually in the tendency for developing dysfunctional beliefs that determine thought, and so, obsessions and compulsions which complicate our patients’ life. Beside both approaches, which locate us in the cognitive frame, we will experimentally present OCD and the thought with obsessive tendencies, in order to delve into their link with emotional aspects through the role that guilt and empathy play. We have considered the analysis of the sense of guilt in relation to the role that it may have with the origin and maintenance of OCD patients’ symptomatology (Shafran et al, 1996; Mancini & Gangemi, 2004) along with the assessment of how this sense of guilt determines and affects those who suffer it in terms of empathy towards others and understanding towards themselves (considering empathy as a positive emotion which becomes negative when the burden of empathic stress is higher than the reasonable and it generates a significant discomfort in the subject)...
The study of Emotion and Cognition are two of the major areas of interest in Psychology since its early days. The arrival of the cognitive-behavioral paradigm was the key so that the analysis of these two areas of study reach their greatest interest and empirical development through the study of their interrelationship, implications, assessment and treatment, allowing the scientific validity of the theoretical hypotheses, thus achieving the level of social science. Focusing on the development of cognitive models, firstly we will review the fundamental concepts for the study of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD). Then we will approach to the main explanatory models, putting an emphasis on the analysis of cognitive biases (especially those affecting the obsessive tendency, that is, attentional and interpretation biases) as well as the newest metacognitive models of study and research. Thus in the analysis of cognitive activity, especially the one underlying the processing of patients with obsessive tendencies or with OCD diagnosis, we start from the approaches which explain this activity through the perspective of the obsessive thought due to an failure in the processing of the information, and also from those explicatory models which assume that the importance to understand OCD cognitive activity is actually in the tendency for developing dysfunctional beliefs that determine thought, and so, obsessions and compulsions which complicate our patients’ life. Beside both approaches, which locate us in the cognitive frame, we will experimentally present OCD and the thought with obsessive tendencies, in order to delve into their link with emotional aspects through the role that guilt and empathy play. We have considered the analysis of the sense of guilt in relation to the role that it may have with the origin and maintenance of OCD patients’ symptomatology (Shafran et al, 1996; Mancini & Gangemi, 2004) along with the assessment of how this sense of guilt determines and affects those who suffer it in terms of empathy towards others and understanding towards themselves (considering empathy as a positive emotion which becomes negative when the burden of empathic stress is higher than the reasonable and it generates a significant discomfort in the subject)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 22-01-2016