Publication: Los correlatos cognitivos y funcionales del viaje mental en el tiempo
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2016-05-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El viaje mental en el tiempo (VMT) es la capacidad de proyectarse mentalmente hacia atrás o hacia adelante en el tiempo, con el fin de recordar eventos del pasado personal o imaginar eventos del futuro personal. Esta investigación se centra en el aspecto orientado hacia el futuro del VMT conocido como pensamiento episódico futuro (PEF). El PEF implica un proceso complejo y exigente ejecutivamente, que es necesario para la recombinación de detalles extraídos de la memoria en un evento nuevo y coherente. Consecuentemente y basándonos en una revisión analítica de la literatura, en este estudio conceptualizamos el PEF como un proceso de construcción asociativa autobiográfica, para el que serían necesarias operaciones autorreferenciales, de asociación o integración (binding), de recombinación y control atencional de la información. De esta forma, el PEF dependería de la recuperación de elementos discretos de la memoria de ítem, que serían integrados entre sí del modo binding inter-ítem y su asociación con información contextual espacio-temporal, extraída de la memoria fuente para formar bindings ítem-contexto. A lo que habría que añadir un tipo de binding semántico subyacente, que enlace esta información episódica con conocimiento semántico-conceptual para guiar la recombinación, el binding ítem-contexto episódico, y explique la novedad y la coherencia de los eventos futuros resultantes. Así, la hipótesis investigada en este estudio fue que el PEF dependería especialmente de un sistema de memoria autobiográfica jerárquicamente organizada, y unos procesos de control relacionados con la memora de trabajo, lo que posibilitaría un binding relacional jerárquico tanto de información semántica como episódica a través de distintas estructuras de información, que resumirían el conocimiento autobiográfico de forma poblacional en los niveles más altos de la jerarquía. Con el fin de estudiar el PEF, se desarrolló un nuevo marco metodológico, el paradigma experimental de integración prospectiva autobiográfica. Dicho marco consistió en un estudio piloto de dos fases, seguido de una secuencia experimental. Para el primer estudio piloto se desarrolló un cuestionario online, el cual se aplicó a una muestra de 112 adultos jóvenes sanos, a los que se pidió valorar Eventos autobiográficos pasados significativos en función de su frecuencia y vividez. Algunos de esos Eventos se utilizaron a continuación para realizar un segundo estudio piloto, para el que se desarrolló un nuevo cuestionario online, el cual se aplicó a una muestra nueva de 51 adultos jóvenes sanos, a los que se pidió que proporcionaran Detalles (Contexto Espacial, Contexto Temporal y Elementos) de los Eventos previamente identificados y que valorasen los Elementos según las mismas propiedades descritas anteriormente. Esta base de datos, que contiene la experiencia autobiográfica colectiva, se utilizó para desarrollar una nueva tarea de aplicación web que se utilizó en la secuencia experimental...
Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to mentally project oneself backward or forward in time, in order to remember an event from one’s personal past or to imagine an event from one’s personal future. This research focused on the future oriented aspect of MTT known as episodic future thinking (EFT). EFT involves a complex executive demanding process needed for the recombination of details extracted from memory into a new and coherent event. Accordingly and based on an analytical review of the literature, EFT is conceptualised in this study as a process of autobiographical associative construction for which self-referential operations, binding, recombination and attentional control of information would be necessary. Therefore, EFT would depend on the recall of individual elements from item memory which would be bound with each other in an inter-item binding manner and associated with spatiotemporal contextual information drawn from source memory to form item-context bindings. To the foregoing may be added a type of underlying semantic binding which links this episodic information with semantic-conceptual knowledge to guide recombination, episodic item-context binding and to explain the novelty and coherence of the resulting future events. Thus, the hypothesis investigated in this study was that EFT would specially depend on a hierarchically organized system of autobiographical memory and control processes related to working memory, which would allow a hierarchical relational binding both of episodic and semantic information through different information structures, which would summarize autobiographical knowledge demographically at the highest levels of the hierarchy. In order to study EFT, a new methodological framework was developed, the experimental autobiographical prospective integration paradigm. Such a framework consisted of a two-phase pilot study followed by an experimental sequence. For the first pilot study an online questionnaire was developed, which was applied to a sample of 112 healthy young adults who were asked to rate meaningful autobiographical past Events based on their frequency and vividness. Some of such Events were then used to run a second pilot study for which a new online questionnaire was developed, which was applied to a new sample of 51 healthy young adults who were asked to provide Details (Spatial Context, Temporal Context and Elements) of the Events previously identified and to rate the Elements according the same properties described above...
Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to mentally project oneself backward or forward in time, in order to remember an event from one’s personal past or to imagine an event from one’s personal future. This research focused on the future oriented aspect of MTT known as episodic future thinking (EFT). EFT involves a complex executive demanding process needed for the recombination of details extracted from memory into a new and coherent event. Accordingly and based on an analytical review of the literature, EFT is conceptualised in this study as a process of autobiographical associative construction for which self-referential operations, binding, recombination and attentional control of information would be necessary. Therefore, EFT would depend on the recall of individual elements from item memory which would be bound with each other in an inter-item binding manner and associated with spatiotemporal contextual information drawn from source memory to form item-context bindings. To the foregoing may be added a type of underlying semantic binding which links this episodic information with semantic-conceptual knowledge to guide recombination, episodic item-context binding and to explain the novelty and coherence of the resulting future events. Thus, the hypothesis investigated in this study was that EFT would specially depend on a hierarchically organized system of autobiographical memory and control processes related to working memory, which would allow a hierarchical relational binding both of episodic and semantic information through different information structures, which would summarize autobiographical knowledge demographically at the highest levels of the hierarchy. In order to study EFT, a new methodological framework was developed, the experimental autobiographical prospective integration paradigm. Such a framework consisted of a two-phase pilot study followed by an experimental sequence. For the first pilot study an online questionnaire was developed, which was applied to a sample of 112 healthy young adults who were asked to rate meaningful autobiographical past Events based on their frequency and vividness. Some of such Events were then used to run a second pilot study for which a new online questionnaire was developed, which was applied to a new sample of 51 healthy young adults who were asked to provide Details (Spatial Context, Temporal Context and Elements) of the Events previously identified and to rate the Elements according the same properties described above...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 09-12-2015