Publication: Las causas del fracaso escolar en estudiantes de secundaria : validación de un modelo psicosocial con ecuaciones estructurales
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2016-05-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis de doctorado surge de la preocupación por los bajos niveles de calidad en la educación básica y secundaria colombiana, que encuentra en el fracaso escolar uno de los principales desafíos por resolver. A pesar de que el bajo rendimiento sea uno de los tópicos más analizados en la investigación educativa, a nivel internacional, en Colombia son escasos los programas de investigación sobre el tema y mucho más raras las políticas gubernamentales para disminuirlo. En el contexto estudiado, el fracaso escolar no se encuentra asociado a estudiantes con barreras de aprendizaje ni a situaciones de carencia extrema, tampoco a sistemas familiares o escolares disfuncionales. A pesar de contar con las condiciones básicas para el éxito, los estudiantes no alcanzan sus objetivos académicos, entrando en un ciclo de repetición que antecede al abandono escolar temprano y definitivo. Como objeto de investigación, el fracaso escolar es un fenómeno de alta complejidad ya que es el resultado de la interacción simultanea de un número indeterminado de variables históricas, culturales, sociales, económicas, institucionales e individuales que se afectan recíprocamente; de tal manera que, al cambiar el ángulo de observación, las variables que eran consideradas como el origen de un proceso, se convierten en su consecuencia, generando efectos de causalidad circular y grandes zonas de incertidumbre que impiden la formulación de teorías explicativas de carácter general. Una prueba de esto, son las aproximaciones fragmentarias y contradictorias de las disciplinas encargadas de su estudio. De ahí la necesidad de proponer investigaciones que vayan más allá de la simple descripción del fenómeno, para concentrarse en la formulación de modelos más sensibles a las relaciones causales que se establecen entre un grupo determinado de variables...
This doctoral thesis arises from the concern for low quality in basic and secondary education in Colombia, which is in the school failure one of the main challenges ahead. Despite the poor performance is one of the most discussed topics in educational research, internationally, in Colombia there are few research programs on the subject and much rarer government policies to decrease. In the studied context, school failure is not associated with students with learning barriers or situations of extreme need, not a dysfunctional family or school systems. Despite having the basic conditions for success, students do not reach their academic goals, entering a cycle of repetition that precedes the early and definitive dropout. As a research, academic failure is a highly complex phenomenon because it is the result of the simultaneous interaction of an undetermined number of historical, cultural, social, economic, institutional and individual variables that affect each other; so that changing the angle of observation, the variables that were considered as the origin of a process, become its consequence, generating effects of circular causality and large areas of uncertainty that prevent the development of general explanatory theories . Proof of this, are fragmentary and contradictory approaches of the disciplines responsible for its study. Hence the need to propose studies that go beyond the simple description of the phenomenon, to concentrate on the development of more sensitive to the causal relationships that develop between a certain group of variables models...
This doctoral thesis arises from the concern for low quality in basic and secondary education in Colombia, which is in the school failure one of the main challenges ahead. Despite the poor performance is one of the most discussed topics in educational research, internationally, in Colombia there are few research programs on the subject and much rarer government policies to decrease. In the studied context, school failure is not associated with students with learning barriers or situations of extreme need, not a dysfunctional family or school systems. Despite having the basic conditions for success, students do not reach their academic goals, entering a cycle of repetition that precedes the early and definitive dropout. As a research, academic failure is a highly complex phenomenon because it is the result of the simultaneous interaction of an undetermined number of historical, cultural, social, economic, institutional and individual variables that affect each other; so that changing the angle of observation, the variables that were considered as the origin of a process, become its consequence, generating effects of circular causality and large areas of uncertainty that prevent the development of general explanatory theories . Proof of this, are fragmentary and contradictory approaches of the disciplines responsible for its study. Hence the need to propose studies that go beyond the simple description of the phenomenon, to concentrate on the development of more sensitive to the causal relationships that develop between a certain group of variables models...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social, leída el 29-10-2015