Publicación: Evaluación de la ansiedad en niños y adolescentes: análisis de las propiedades psicométricas del SCARED y del CASI-N en población infanto-juvenil madrileña
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2016-05-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La promoción de una buena salud psicológica infanto-juevenil constituye un objetivo prioritario según lo señalado la Unión Europea en el Informe sobre Salud Mental (2009) y el Pacto Europeo para la Salud Mental y el Bienestar (2008). Al realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los distintos estudios realizados en torno a los trastornos interiorizados en la infancia (ansiedad y depresión), se puede señalar que las investigaciones sobre el comportamiento infantil distan mucho de alcanzar el nivel que se ha obtenido con adultos. A su vez, gran parte de los estudios llevados a cabo con población infantil se han realizado con muestras clínicas. Se ha demostrado que estos trastornos ejercen un impacto negativo importante a lo largo de la vida de las personas,en cuanto a su calidad de vida, sus relaciones tanto interpersonales como académicas o laborales, dando cuenta de problemas conyugales y financieros en pacientes con trastorno de pánico, limitaciones de diversa índole en pacientes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y las altas tasas de divorcio y discapacidad en pacientes con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (Olantunji, Cisler y Tolin, 2010). Esto no deja de llamar la atención considerando aquellos estudios que refieren que los trastornos de ansiedad desarrollados en la infancia constituyen factores de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos psiquiátricos en la edad adulta. Así por ejemplo, Lewinsohn et al. (2008) realizaron un estudio retrospectivo con una muestra de 816 sujetos menores de 30 años, en el que encontraron que el trastorno de ansiedad por separación (TAS) aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar trastornos mentales en la adultez temprana en un 78,6%, señalando como conclusión que la detección y prestación de una intervención preventiva en la infancia y en la adolescencia podría reducir el riesgo de presentar una psicopatología en el futuro.
When performing a literature review on the different studies about anxiety disorders and depression in childhood, it can be noted that research on child behavior is far from reaching the level obtained with adults. In turn, many of the studies conducted with pediatric population have been conducted with clinical samples. Anxiety disorders have a significant negative impact on quality of life of people, producing marital and financial problems in patients with panic disorder, limitations of various kinds in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and high rates of divorce and disability in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (Olantunji, Cisler y Tolin, 2010). These facts continue to draw attention at considering studies that show that suffering anxiety disorders in childhood is a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. For example, Lewinsohn et al. (2008) conducted a retrospective study with a sample of 816 subjects aged 30 years, in which they found that separation anxiety disorder (SAD) increases the probability of developing mental disorders in early adulthood in 78.6%. This result suggests that the detection and provision of a preventive intervention in childhood and adolescence may reduce the risk for psychopathology in the future. According to the Spanish Association of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent (AEPNYA, 2011), mental disorders represent a major problem in childhood and adolescence. AEPNYA has predicted that in 2020, 50% of child and adolescent world population will suffer mental disorders. In 2011, suicide was the leading cause of death among young people in Spain, and, in 2014, a study published by the World Health Organization put suicide in the third place of the leading causes of death, after traffic accidents and HIV. This study may be useful to identify and assess the state of anxiety, depression and possible school refusal experience, generate assessment and intervention protocols and may be useful to formulate possible etiological hypotheses for future studies. By detecting these phenomena that negatively affect the evolution and healthy child development, it can create patterns of coping and treatment to prevent complications and help parents and children overcome these alterations of emotional states...
When performing a literature review on the different studies about anxiety disorders and depression in childhood, it can be noted that research on child behavior is far from reaching the level obtained with adults. In turn, many of the studies conducted with pediatric population have been conducted with clinical samples. Anxiety disorders have a significant negative impact on quality of life of people, producing marital and financial problems in patients with panic disorder, limitations of various kinds in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and high rates of divorce and disability in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (Olantunji, Cisler y Tolin, 2010). These facts continue to draw attention at considering studies that show that suffering anxiety disorders in childhood is a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. For example, Lewinsohn et al. (2008) conducted a retrospective study with a sample of 816 subjects aged 30 years, in which they found that separation anxiety disorder (SAD) increases the probability of developing mental disorders in early adulthood in 78.6%. This result suggests that the detection and provision of a preventive intervention in childhood and adolescence may reduce the risk for psychopathology in the future. According to the Spanish Association of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent (AEPNYA, 2011), mental disorders represent a major problem in childhood and adolescence. AEPNYA has predicted that in 2020, 50% of child and adolescent world population will suffer mental disorders. In 2011, suicide was the leading cause of death among young people in Spain, and, in 2014, a study published by the World Health Organization put suicide in the third place of the leading causes of death, after traffic accidents and HIV. This study may be useful to identify and assess the state of anxiety, depression and possible school refusal experience, generate assessment and intervention protocols and may be useful to formulate possible etiological hypotheses for future studies. By detecting these phenomena that negatively affect the evolution and healthy child development, it can create patterns of coping and treatment to prevent complications and help parents and children overcome these alterations of emotional states...
Descripción
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamietno Psicológico I, leída el 22-01-2016