Publication: El contexto internacional y el contexto interior de la guerra española en la actuación de la diplomacia vaticana.
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2006-10
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Abstract
La Guerra civil española supuso una complicación importante para la diplomacia vaticana. La situación de los primeros meses en la zona republicana donde se produjo una situación de exterminio de lo religioso católico en prácticamente toda la zona de su jurisdicción, la persecución que continuó, una vez consolidado el gobierno del Frente Popular, y la ausencia de garantías para la libertad de cultos hasta prácticamente el final de la guerra fueron factores condicionantes que impidieron un acercamiento entre el Vaticano y el gobierno del Frente Popular. El gobierno del General Franco, por el contrario, apoyó a la Iglesia Católica. Ello no obsta para que existiesen importantes puntos de fricción entre el Vaticano y el gobierno de Franco. La cuestión del reconocimiento, el fusilamiento de sacerdotes vascos, los intentos de que el Vaticano condenase la alianza del PNV con el gobierno del Frente Popular, los intentos de mediación, los bombardeos de poblaciones, el apoyo diplomático de Alemania e Italia al gobierno de Franco fueron puntos de especial fricción y preocupación. Esto explicará que el nombramiento del Cardenal Pacelli como Papa Pío XII fuese acogido por el gobierno de Franco con extrema frialdad.
The Spanish Civil War was an important trouble for Vatican diplomacy. The situation during the first months in the Republican zone, with everything religious – Catholic being suppressed in almost all the territory under its jurisdiction, persecution which continued once the Popular Front government was established, and the lack of guarantees for freedom of religious practices until shortly before the end of the war, were conditioning factors that prevented a rapprochement between the Vatican and the Popular Front government. General Franco’s government, on the contrary, supported the Catholic Church. This does not mean that some important disagreements existed between the Vatican and Franco’s government. The question of recognition, the execution of Basque priests, the attempts at making the Vatican condemn the alliance of the Basque nationalist Party with the Popular Front government, the mediation attempts, the bombing of the civilian population and Germany and Italy’s support for Franco’s government were points of special friction and preoccupation. This explains why the appointment of Cardinal Pacelli as Pope Pious XII was regarded by Franco’s government with extreme coolness.
The Spanish Civil War was an important trouble for Vatican diplomacy. The situation during the first months in the Republican zone, with everything religious – Catholic being suppressed in almost all the territory under its jurisdiction, persecution which continued once the Popular Front government was established, and the lack of guarantees for freedom of religious practices until shortly before the end of the war, were conditioning factors that prevented a rapprochement between the Vatican and the Popular Front government. General Franco’s government, on the contrary, supported the Catholic Church. This does not mean that some important disagreements existed between the Vatican and Franco’s government. The question of recognition, the execution of Basque priests, the attempts at making the Vatican condemn the alliance of the Basque nationalist Party with the Popular Front government, the mediation attempts, the bombing of the civilian population and Germany and Italy’s support for Franco’s government were points of special friction and preoccupation. This explains why the appointment of Cardinal Pacelli as Pope Pious XII was regarded by Franco’s government with extreme coolness.