Publication: Capital social, capital relacional e innovación: un análisis de su incidencia en el desarrollo del distrito de Arequipa, Perú
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2016-05-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El capital social –que según algunos autores contiene también el capital relacional- es el elemento que posibilita que la sociedad se mantenga unida, en otras palabras es el “pegamento social”. El rol de los elementos que le constituyen, y que son en su mayoría inmateriales, ha comenzado a cobrar mayor importancia en los diversos aspectos de la vida, de manera especial en el ámbito económico. Por otro lado, una de las diversas perspectivas que se encargan del desarrollo territorial (Camagni, 2003) ofrece un marco teórico general que engloba en un solo modelo tanto el capital social como el capital relacional y los procesos innovadores; entendiendo este último elemento como aquel que desempeña un papel fundamental en los procesos de crecimiento económico. La ubicación geográfica del presente estudio es la ciudad de Arequipa, que es la segunda en importancia en Perú después de Lima –la ciudad capital-. Arequipa ha experimentado los últimos años importantes índices de crecimiento económico, sin embargo, en muchos aspectos este hecho no ha significado una mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo general acercarse al estado del capital social, del capital relacional y de la innovación en el distrito de Arequipa. Dentro de los objetivos específicos, y en lo referido a la innovación, se busca conocer el estado de la innovación en las organizaciones del distrito y determinar el estado de desarrollo de ésta. En lo respectivo al segundo tema, se busca caracterizar el estado del capital social y del capital relacional y explorar si existen elementos que sean comunes con el estado de la innovación. La metodología se fundamenta en el análisis cualitativo y a través de entrevistas con ciudadanos en lo referido al capital social y al capital relacional. Se hizo, asimismo, un relevamiento con trabajadores de diversas organizaciones sobre el estado de la innovación. Con esta información se obtuvieron resultados que dan cuenta de la riqueza de las relaciones sociales analizadas...
Social capital –which according to some authors also contains the relational capital- is the element that enables society to remain united, in other words it is the "social glue". The role of its constituting elements, which are mostly immaterial, has begun to gain greater importance in various aspects of life, especially in the economic field. On the other hand, one of several proposals regarding territorial development (Camagni, 2003) provides a general framework that includes in a single model both social capital and relational capital, and innovation processes; understanding the latter as the element that plays a key role in economic growth processes. The geographical location of this study is the city of Arequipa, which is the second largest in Peru after Lima, the capital city. Arequipa has experienced significant economic growth rates in recent years, however, in many ways this has not meant an improvement in the quality of life of people. The general objective of this study is to approach the state of the social capital, the relational capital and the innovation in the district of Arequipa. Among the specific objectives, and regarding the innovation, the study seeks to know the state of innovation in the district’s organizations and determine its development status. Regarding the second issue, it seeks to characterize the state of the social capital and relational capital and explore whether there are elements that could be common with the state of innovation. The methodology is based on qualitative analysis and through personal interviews with citizens regarding social capital and relational capital. Furthermore, surveys aimed to workers from diverse industries regarding the status of innovation within their organizations, have been important to study this topic. The information gathered with this analysis hold up to view the richness of the social relations we encountered. Regarding the state of the social capital and relational capital there would be distinctive elements of existence of these types of capital in the interviewed subjects such as solidarity, cooperation, fundamental and basic rights for most. Regarding the state of innovation, there would exist in the evaluated organizations elements that promote innovation processes such as the ability to delegate, trust, reflection before action, information that facilitates decision-making, organizational customer orientation, importance of research, development and innovation, proximity to knowledge-generating institutions, renewed organizational structures, importance of the concept of quality in organizations, existence of organizational values and network-level collaboration with other organizations...
Social capital –which according to some authors also contains the relational capital- is the element that enables society to remain united, in other words it is the "social glue". The role of its constituting elements, which are mostly immaterial, has begun to gain greater importance in various aspects of life, especially in the economic field. On the other hand, one of several proposals regarding territorial development (Camagni, 2003) provides a general framework that includes in a single model both social capital and relational capital, and innovation processes; understanding the latter as the element that plays a key role in economic growth processes. The geographical location of this study is the city of Arequipa, which is the second largest in Peru after Lima, the capital city. Arequipa has experienced significant economic growth rates in recent years, however, in many ways this has not meant an improvement in the quality of life of people. The general objective of this study is to approach the state of the social capital, the relational capital and the innovation in the district of Arequipa. Among the specific objectives, and regarding the innovation, the study seeks to know the state of innovation in the district’s organizations and determine its development status. Regarding the second issue, it seeks to characterize the state of the social capital and relational capital and explore whether there are elements that could be common with the state of innovation. The methodology is based on qualitative analysis and through personal interviews with citizens regarding social capital and relational capital. Furthermore, surveys aimed to workers from diverse industries regarding the status of innovation within their organizations, have been important to study this topic. The information gathered with this analysis hold up to view the richness of the social relations we encountered. Regarding the state of the social capital and relational capital there would be distinctive elements of existence of these types of capital in the interviewed subjects such as solidarity, cooperation, fundamental and basic rights for most. Regarding the state of innovation, there would exist in the evaluated organizations elements that promote innovation processes such as the ability to delegate, trust, reflection before action, information that facilitates decision-making, organizational customer orientation, importance of research, development and innovation, proximity to knowledge-generating institutions, renewed organizational structures, importance of the concept of quality in organizations, existence of organizational values and network-level collaboration with other organizations...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Economía Aplicada V, leída el 30-11-2015