Publication: Supuestos analíticos y cuestiones de método en el estudio de la participación social y de la acción colectiva: el movimiento 15-M y su irrupción en la vida pública como caso de estudio
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2016-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En esta Tesis Doctoral presento un estudio sobre la irrupción del Movimiento 15-M en la vida pública española, también conocido como movimiento de los ‘indignados’. Uno de los más relevantes que han surgido en España desde los movimientos de oposición a la Dictadura Franquista y la Transición a la democracia en los años 70 del siglo pasado. Este análisis plantea, asimismo, una aproximación al proceso de modernización y democratización de la sociedad española, en particular, y de las sociedades contemporáneas, en general. Lo hago desde una perspectiva que se centra en estudiarlo desde diferentes supuestos analíticos empleados en el estudio de la participación social y de la acción colectiva y mediante una aproximación metodológica que se apoya esencialmente en cuatro técnicas de investigación social que se complementan entre sí: trabajo de campo etnográfico, entrevistas en profundidad, grupos de discusión y análisis estadístico de datos agregados. Éstas, por tanto, abarcan aproximaciones microsociológicas y macrosociológicas a dicho fenómeno. En particular establezco un dialogo entre: i) los marcos interpretativos clave en los enfoques más culturalistas y comprehensivos en el estudio de los movimientos sociales; ii) la perspectiva de la reflexividad social; iii) algunos enfoques clásicos sobre la sociedad civil, las organizaciones sociales, la democracia y el orden social; y iv) las tres aproximaciones metodológicas que empleo para analizar el significado de la irrupción de este movimiento en 2011 y su continuidad en el tiempo. Desde esta perspectiva me posiciono en una línea de diálogo entre estructura y acción (Gerth & Mills, 1964) que busca distanciarse del sesgo estructuralista (McAdam, 1994; Laraña, 1999) y del sesgo interaccionista (Laraña, 1999) en el estudio de los movimientos sociales, y que me permite analizar aspectos clave de este fenómeno social como son sus bases sociales, su poder de persuasión colectiva y potencial como agencia de significación colectiva, sus marcos de acción colectiva y los procesos de alineamiento de sus marcos, las raíces y relaciones de continuidad y discontinuidad entre este movimiento y otros episodios de movilización anteriores, así como su ‘internacionalización’ y los procesos de cambio acaecidos en sus redes desde que emergiera en la vida pública de este país en Mayo de 2011.
This Doctoral Thesis analyses one of the most interesting movements that arose in Spain since the end of the oppositional movements to Franco's dictatorship and the Political Transition to Democracy in the late seventies. My approach to this social movement in Spain, the May 15th Movement —also known as indignados (outraged) movement—, focuses on frame analysis and its collective identity, and emphasizes its social reflexivity and power of collective persuasion, its transversal character, its internationalization and historical roots. This analysis allows me to tackle the democratization and modernization process of the Spanish society, in particular, and other contemporary societies, in general. This study is grounded in different theoretical and analytical assumptions and incorporates two main methodological approaches, trying to establish a dialogue between structure and action by combining them: i) a constructivist approach based on frame analysis and the 15M’s power of collective persuasion, and ii) a statistical analysis of its social bases and the participation of citizens in this movement throughout 2011. The first approach is mainly based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative data, and the second one consists of a statistical and qualitative macro-analysis. The 15M’s power of collective persuasion provides it with a high capacity to promote different collective definitions regarding: i) a state of affairs which affect citizens’ everyday life, ii) several aspects related to the functioning of democracy, and iii) the causes and consequences of the political and economic crisis in Spain. Thus, I discuss the implications of applying these different methods of research and analytical assumptions to the study of social movements: i) the most micro and intersubjective aspects of the social action, through ethnographic techniques, that allowed us to study how the activists organize the actions of the movement, spread their frames and construct its collective identity, and ii) a macroscopic approach focused on analyze the social bases and discourses of the outrage in Spain. I also tackle the internationalization of the Spanish 15M, focusing my interests on the role played by transnational networks of ‘indignados’ (or ‘occupiers’) in the spread and resonance of their calls and messages. With the aim of contributing to a wider understanding of this phenomenon I emphasize the usefulness of considering democracy as an open and dynamic process constantly threatened by oligarchical tendencies. Likewise, I emphasize the relationship of continuity between the 15M and the American New Left of the 1960s, with whom the indignados share some goals and common traits, such as its non-violent character and its demand of a ‘participatory democracy"
This Doctoral Thesis analyses one of the most interesting movements that arose in Spain since the end of the oppositional movements to Franco's dictatorship and the Political Transition to Democracy in the late seventies. My approach to this social movement in Spain, the May 15th Movement —also known as indignados (outraged) movement—, focuses on frame analysis and its collective identity, and emphasizes its social reflexivity and power of collective persuasion, its transversal character, its internationalization and historical roots. This analysis allows me to tackle the democratization and modernization process of the Spanish society, in particular, and other contemporary societies, in general. This study is grounded in different theoretical and analytical assumptions and incorporates two main methodological approaches, trying to establish a dialogue between structure and action by combining them: i) a constructivist approach based on frame analysis and the 15M’s power of collective persuasion, and ii) a statistical analysis of its social bases and the participation of citizens in this movement throughout 2011. The first approach is mainly based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative data, and the second one consists of a statistical and qualitative macro-analysis. The 15M’s power of collective persuasion provides it with a high capacity to promote different collective definitions regarding: i) a state of affairs which affect citizens’ everyday life, ii) several aspects related to the functioning of democracy, and iii) the causes and consequences of the political and economic crisis in Spain. Thus, I discuss the implications of applying these different methods of research and analytical assumptions to the study of social movements: i) the most micro and intersubjective aspects of the social action, through ethnographic techniques, that allowed us to study how the activists organize the actions of the movement, spread their frames and construct its collective identity, and ii) a macroscopic approach focused on analyze the social bases and discourses of the outrage in Spain. I also tackle the internationalization of the Spanish 15M, focusing my interests on the role played by transnational networks of ‘indignados’ (or ‘occupiers’) in the spread and resonance of their calls and messages. With the aim of contributing to a wider understanding of this phenomenon I emphasize the usefulness of considering democracy as an open and dynamic process constantly threatened by oligarchical tendencies. Likewise, I emphasize the relationship of continuity between the 15M and the American New Left of the 1960s, with whom the indignados share some goals and common traits, such as its non-violent character and its demand of a ‘participatory democracy"
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología III, leída el 27-01-2016