Publication: Monárquico, republicano, liberal: biografía política de Manuel Portela Valladares
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2016-06-02
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La trayectoria pública de Manuel Portela Valladares fue una de las más largas e intensas entre los políticos españoles de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Desde su elección como diputado por Fonsagrada en 1905 hasta su muerte en el exilio francés en 1952, fue protagonista o testigo de los acontecimientos más destacados de la política gallega y española. Durante su carrera desempeñó cargos de notable importancia (diputado en la Restauración y en la República, gobernador civil de Barcelona, fiscal del Tribunal Supremo, gobernador general de Cataluña, ministro de Fomento y de la Gobernación, presidente del Consejo de ministros en febrero de 1936) y defendió posiciones ideológicas aparentemente diversas: liberal, agrarista, monárquico, republicano, con simpatías autonomistas… De todas ellas fue el liberalismo la que definió su comportamiento durante sus cincuenta años de evolución política. A través del estudio de su vida y trayectoria pública, el objetivo de esta tesis es analizar la visión y el comportamiento de los viejos liberales en un momento de cambio crucial, aquel que supuso, en palabras de Eric Hobsbawm, el paso del “largo siglo XIX” al “corto siglo XX”, y conocer, así, cómo se adaptaron a la “edad de las catástrofes”. Partiendo de la comprensión de la historia como un proceso en el que convergen y se solapan las rupturas y las continuidades, se pretende dotar de contenido a esta frase con la intención de entender mejor lo que sucedió en un período tan decisivo y convulso como la Europa de entreguerras, en el que la democracia liberal vivió una crisis profunda al intentar procesar el cambio de escenario que supuso la incorporación de las “masas” al sistema político. Para ello y teniendo en cuenta las distinciones que establece el debate historiográfico, he optado por la elaboración de una biografía de contexto de tipo externo, es decir centrándome sobre todo en su dimensión pública y su trayectoria política con el objetivo de entender mejor el contexto histórico y sociopolítico en el que se inserta, aunque sin renunciar a intentar comprender su carácter y su personalidad en la medida en la que estos afectasen a su comportamiento como estadista.
The public career of Manuel Portela Valladares was one of the longest and most intense among the Spanish politicians of the first half of the twentieth century. Since his election as a member of parliament for Fonsagrada in 1905 until his death in 1952 as an exile in France, he was a protagonist or witness of the most relevant events of Galician and Spanish politics. During his career he held positions of considerable importance (member of parliament in the Restoration and the Republic, civil governor of Barcelona, prosecutor of the Supreme Court, Minister of Development and Interior, Prime Minister in February 1936) and he supported apparently diverse ideological positions: liberal, agrarian, monarchist, republican, with autonomist sympathies… Between all of them it was the liberalism which defined his behaviour on his fifty years of political evolution. Through the study of his life and public career, the objective of this thesis is to analyse the vision and the behaviour of the old liberals at a moment of crucial change, which supposed, in the words of Eric Hobsbawm, the passage from the “long nineteenth century” to the “short twentieth century”, and to know, in this way, how they adapted to the “Age of Catastrophe”. Starting from the understanding of history as a process in which ruptures and continuities converge and overlap, it intends to give substance to this sentence with the intention to understand better what happened in such a decisive and turbulent period that was Interwar Europe, in which liberal democracy underwent a profound crisis in trying to process the change of scenery that meant the incorporation of “masses” to the political system. For that and taking into account the distinctions established by the Historiographical debate, I have opted for the elaboration of a biography of extern-type context, that focuses overall on his public dimension and his political career with the purpose of understanding better the historical and sociopolitical context in which he lived, although without renouncing to attempt to comprehend his character and his personality to the extent that affected his behaviour as a statesman.
The public career of Manuel Portela Valladares was one of the longest and most intense among the Spanish politicians of the first half of the twentieth century. Since his election as a member of parliament for Fonsagrada in 1905 until his death in 1952 as an exile in France, he was a protagonist or witness of the most relevant events of Galician and Spanish politics. During his career he held positions of considerable importance (member of parliament in the Restoration and the Republic, civil governor of Barcelona, prosecutor of the Supreme Court, Minister of Development and Interior, Prime Minister in February 1936) and he supported apparently diverse ideological positions: liberal, agrarian, monarchist, republican, with autonomist sympathies… Between all of them it was the liberalism which defined his behaviour on his fifty years of political evolution. Through the study of his life and public career, the objective of this thesis is to analyse the vision and the behaviour of the old liberals at a moment of crucial change, which supposed, in the words of Eric Hobsbawm, the passage from the “long nineteenth century” to the “short twentieth century”, and to know, in this way, how they adapted to the “Age of Catastrophe”. Starting from the understanding of history as a process in which ruptures and continuities converge and overlap, it intends to give substance to this sentence with the intention to understand better what happened in such a decisive and turbulent period that was Interwar Europe, in which liberal democracy underwent a profound crisis in trying to process the change of scenery that meant the incorporation of “masses” to the political system. For that and taking into account the distinctions established by the Historiographical debate, I have opted for the elaboration of a biography of extern-type context, that focuses overall on his public dimension and his political career with the purpose of understanding better the historical and sociopolitical context in which he lived, although without renouncing to attempt to comprehend his character and his personality to the extent that affected his behaviour as a statesman.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Historia del Pensamiento y de los Movimientos Sociales y Políticos, leída el 28-01-2016