Publication: Acción colectiva y movimientos sociales en las redes digitales. Aspectos históricos y metodológicos
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2012-07
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
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Abstract
El desplazamiento de cierta parte de los episodios de acción colectiva al terreno comunicativo y, más en concreto, al espacio generado por las nuevas tecnologías y los medios digitales ha supuesto un fenómeno sociológicamente complejo y variado, que cuestiona algunos de los viejos axiomas que arrastraba la sociología de los movimientos sociales. Además, las tipologías de interacción o imbricación entre dichos movimientos y las redes comunicativas tecnológicas dependen de múltiples factores, lo que nos permitirá en este trabajo realizar una cierta periodización histórica y una clasificación analítica de las mismas. Asimismo, este hecho notorio de emergencia de nuevas formas de acción colectiva y de participación política no convencional implica la utilización de metodologías y técnicas de estudio que se apartan en algunos aspectos de las tradicionales. En esta presentación se pretenden mostrar algunas de las herramientas metodológicas de esta “virtualización de la acción política” tales como los estudios de audiencias digitales o la etnografía virtual, métodos de producción de información sociológica válida para el análisis de ciertos casos de acción colectiva contemporánea. Una de las peculiaridades de los movimientos sociales o de la acción política enmarcados en los “nuevos medios digitales” supone también el replanteamiento de las formas efectivas de acceso metodológico a los mismos, dado su carácter esporádico y fugaz.
The shift in certain episodes of collective action towards the communications landscape and, more specifically, towards the new technology and digital media space, has led to the emergence of a complex variety of sociological phenomena, challenging some of the legacy of theoretical assumptions about the sociology of social movements. Moreover, the types of interaction and intertwining between these social movements and communication technology networks depends on multiple factors. Analysing them from this perspective allows historical periods to be distinguished and classified analytically. Similarly, the well known fact of the emergence of new forms of collective action and unconventional political participation entails the development of research methods that depart in some respects from those traditionally used. In this paper we aim to present some of the methodological tools of this "virtualization of political protest", such as Audience Studies or Virtual Ethnography, which are valid sociological research methods to analyse some contemporary cases of collective action. One of the particularities of social movements using new digital media is the need to rethink the methodological approach to their comprehension due to their sporadic, dynamic and fluid nature.
The shift in certain episodes of collective action towards the communications landscape and, more specifically, towards the new technology and digital media space, has led to the emergence of a complex variety of sociological phenomena, challenging some of the legacy of theoretical assumptions about the sociology of social movements. Moreover, the types of interaction and intertwining between these social movements and communication technology networks depends on multiple factors. Analysing them from this perspective allows historical periods to be distinguished and classified analytically. Similarly, the well known fact of the emergence of new forms of collective action and unconventional political participation entails the development of research methods that depart in some respects from those traditionally used. In this paper we aim to present some of the methodological tools of this "virtualization of political protest", such as Audience Studies or Virtual Ethnography, which are valid sociological research methods to analyse some contemporary cases of collective action. One of the particularities of social movements using new digital media is the need to rethink the methodological approach to their comprehension due to their sporadic, dynamic and fluid nature.