Publication: La promoción de la seguridad de los periodistas en perspectiva histórica: el papel de Naciones Unidas de 1945 a 2014
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2016-06-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La promoción de la seguridad de los periodistas es una cuestión por la que Naciones Unidas (NU) se interesó por primera vez a principios de los años setenta. No obstante, los primeros intentos de crear mecanismos que protegieran el ejercicio del periodismo fueron infructuosos. Los enfrentamientos propios de la Guerra Fría fueron la causa de este fracaso. El desgaste que supuso relegó a un segundo plano esta cuestión hasta finales de los años noventa. Ya en el Siglo XXI esta cuestión fue paulatinamente recobrando un espacio en los debates internacionales hasta que en el año 2012 se aprobó la primera Estrategia común en la historia del sistema de NU. El Plan de Acción de NU sobre la promoción de la seguridad de los periodistas y la cuestión de la impunidad ha sido un catalizador de nuevas iniciativas, especialmente en el ámbito normativo de NU. En menos de tres años se han puesto en marcha más acciones que en toda la historia de la organización. Los retos, sin embargo, son muchos. Promover la seguridad de los periodistas desde NU requiere del apoyo al establecimiento de políticas públicas, la creación y cumplimiento de normas legales, el establecimiento de mecanismos de protección, el fin de la impunidad, y, por encima de todo, voluntad política. internacional, desde su creación hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se sirve de entrevistas a sus protagonistas para complementar la descripción y análisis de carácter histórico.
It was in the early 1970’s that the United Nations (UN) began to show genuine interest in promoting the safety of journalists. However, attempts to create the mechanisms to protect the practice of journalism were unsuccessful. The failure of these debates to build consensus around meaningful change pushed this issue into the late 1990’s. In the early 21st century the issue gradually regained its footing as an important challenge for the international community to address. By 2012, the first UN common strategy on promoting the safety of journalists emerged. It would be called the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. The plan has been a catalyst for new initiatives, particularly within the UN’s normative work. In less than three years, more action has taken place on the protection of journalists than in the entire history of the UN system. The challenges, however, are many. For the UN to promote safety, it is required to advise Member States on the creation and implementation of policies, the notion of the rule of law, especially as it applies to the end of impunity, the establishment of protection mechanisms, and, above all, the cultivation of political will. This research is the first of its kind worldwide. It compiles and systematizes UN documents in order to study its actions designed to promote the safety of journalists globally from its inception until today. It also includes interviews with its main actors, primary sources, to complement and contextualize the historical record and enhance analysis.
It was in the early 1970’s that the United Nations (UN) began to show genuine interest in promoting the safety of journalists. However, attempts to create the mechanisms to protect the practice of journalism were unsuccessful. The failure of these debates to build consensus around meaningful change pushed this issue into the late 1990’s. In the early 21st century the issue gradually regained its footing as an important challenge for the international community to address. By 2012, the first UN common strategy on promoting the safety of journalists emerged. It would be called the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. The plan has been a catalyst for new initiatives, particularly within the UN’s normative work. In less than three years, more action has taken place on the protection of journalists than in the entire history of the UN system. The challenges, however, are many. For the UN to promote safety, it is required to advise Member States on the creation and implementation of policies, the notion of the rule of law, especially as it applies to the end of impunity, the establishment of protection mechanisms, and, above all, the cultivation of political will. This research is the first of its kind worldwide. It compiles and systematizes UN documents in order to study its actions designed to promote the safety of journalists globally from its inception until today. It also includes interviews with its main actors, primary sources, to complement and contextualize the historical record and enhance analysis.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 12-01-2016