Publication: Relaciones entre el malestar social y el trastorno psíquico. Contribuciones para un análisis socioclínico a partir de Ferenczi y Marx
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2016-06-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis pretende establecer la relación entre la socialidad capitalista y la producción de subjetividad; se investiga la manera en que el capitalismo genera malestares y tras-tornos psíquicos. La coyuntura actual está marcada por la generalización desestructuran-te de la crisis. El abordaje de la tramitación psíquica de las problemáticas suscitadas, que remiten a nudos de carácter sociopsíquico, requiere de consideraciones específicas que exigen construir una argumentación analítica que tenga en cuenta las dimensiones objetivas y subjetivas de las relaciones sociales en las que están implicados los sujetos individuales y colectivos (productores y productos de tales relaciones). Para esto se re-currirá a contribuciones de Marx, Ferenczi y la "sociología clínica". En el modo de producción/reproducción capitalista, la específica conformación social de los sujetos supone que el conjunto de sus presupuestos, recursos y potenciali-dades sean generados y regulados por dispositivos sociales que son los mismos con los que Marx explica la constitución del orden social capitalista y que se condensan en el término "subsunción". Junto a esto se han de considerar las contribuciones que, desde el psicoanálisis, permitan dar cuenta de cómo se procesa la sociogénesis de un determinado psiquismo y sus afecciones, de las peculiaridades de la trama social que produce y sustenta al hecho psíquico individual, del papel de la sociedad capitalista en la producción y represión de lo pulsional, así como de la específica incidencia patógena de sus estructuras y procesos sobre los individuos sociales; y aquí es Sándor Ferenczi, uno de los discípulos más su-gerentes de Freud, quien nos aporta los argumentos. Por último, articulando ambas perspectivas, en los análisis de la "sociología clíni-ca" podremos encontrar herramientas que permitan comprender y explicar los fenóme-nos de regresión de lo social a lo psíquico que se producen cuando la dificultad de afrontar los conflictos sociales avoca a los sujetos a procurar "soluciones" de orden psíquico. A efectos de intentar desarrollar y, eventualmente, operativizar estas ideas la tesis se divide en tres capítulos. En primer lugar, centrándose en la figura de Sándor Ferenc-zi, se presentarán sus planteamientos sobre el psiquismo, la intersubjetividad y los con-dicionantes socio-históricos que les afectan. En segundo lugar se procederá a transitar desde el psicoanálisis hacia la "sociología clínica" para significar especialmente la cues-tión de la "neurosis de clase". Por último se tratarán algunas de las contribuciones de Marx sobre subsunción y su incidencia en la conformación de la sociedad capitalista y de la subjetividad de los sujetos (alienados, anómicos y racionalizados).
This doctoral dissertation aims to establish the connection between capitalist sociality and the production of subjectivity; it investigates how capitalism generates discomfort and psychical disorders. The current situation is marked by the general breaking down of social structures brought forth by the crisis. Addressing the mental processing of this situation, which refers to nodes of a socio-psychical character, requires developing specific considerations for building an analytical argumentation that takes into account the objective and subjective dimensions of social relations in which individual subjects and groups are involved (as both producers and outcomes of such relations). In order to do this it will be necessary to resort to the contributions made by Marx, Ferenczi and the ‘clinical sociology’. In the capitalist mode of production /reproduction, the specific social shaping of sub-jects entails that the complete set of assumptions, resources and potentialities of indi-viduals is to be generated and regulated by the same social devises used by Marx to ex-plain the constitution of capitalism’s social order, which can be summarize in the term ‘subsumption’. Alongside this it is necessary to take into account the contributions made from a psy-choanalytic perspective regarding the understanding of the process of socio-genesis of a specific psychism and its affections, of the peculiarities of the social fabric that produc-es and supports the individual psychism, the role of the capitalist production and repres-sion of drives, together with the pathogenic effect of its structures and processes onto the social subjects; in this regard it is Sándor Ferenczi, one of the most fascinating re-searchers among Freud’s disciples, who provides us with the arguments here. Finally, bringing together the two perspectives, it is through the analysis of the ‘clinical sociology’ that are to be found the means to understand and explain the facts of the re-gression from the social to the psychic, which arises when the inability of individuals to cope with social conflicts brings them into providing psychic solutions to social prob-lems. In order to develop and eventually make operative these ideas, the dissertation is struc-tured in three main parts. First of all, focusing onto the figure of Sándor Ferenczi, his thoughts on psychism, inter-subjectivity and the socio-historical conditions that affect them will be presented. Second, the argument will move from psychoanalysis to ‘clini-cal sociology’ so as to address the fundamental issue of ‘class neuroses’. Lastly, the ar-gument will be devoted to present some of the main contribution made by Marx on sub-sumption and its influence in the foundation of the capitalist society and the subjectivity of its subjects (an alienated, anomic and rationalized one).
This doctoral dissertation aims to establish the connection between capitalist sociality and the production of subjectivity; it investigates how capitalism generates discomfort and psychical disorders. The current situation is marked by the general breaking down of social structures brought forth by the crisis. Addressing the mental processing of this situation, which refers to nodes of a socio-psychical character, requires developing specific considerations for building an analytical argumentation that takes into account the objective and subjective dimensions of social relations in which individual subjects and groups are involved (as both producers and outcomes of such relations). In order to do this it will be necessary to resort to the contributions made by Marx, Ferenczi and the ‘clinical sociology’. In the capitalist mode of production /reproduction, the specific social shaping of sub-jects entails that the complete set of assumptions, resources and potentialities of indi-viduals is to be generated and regulated by the same social devises used by Marx to ex-plain the constitution of capitalism’s social order, which can be summarize in the term ‘subsumption’. Alongside this it is necessary to take into account the contributions made from a psy-choanalytic perspective regarding the understanding of the process of socio-genesis of a specific psychism and its affections, of the peculiarities of the social fabric that produc-es and supports the individual psychism, the role of the capitalist production and repres-sion of drives, together with the pathogenic effect of its structures and processes onto the social subjects; in this regard it is Sándor Ferenczi, one of the most fascinating re-searchers among Freud’s disciples, who provides us with the arguments here. Finally, bringing together the two perspectives, it is through the analysis of the ‘clinical sociology’ that are to be found the means to understand and explain the facts of the re-gression from the social to the psychic, which arises when the inability of individuals to cope with social conflicts brings them into providing psychic solutions to social prob-lems. In order to develop and eventually make operative these ideas, the dissertation is struc-tured in three main parts. First of all, focusing onto the figure of Sándor Ferenczi, his thoughts on psychism, inter-subjectivity and the socio-historical conditions that affect them will be presented. Second, the argument will move from psychoanalysis to ‘clini-cal sociology’ so as to address the fundamental issue of ‘class neuroses’. Lastly, the ar-gument will be devoted to present some of the main contribution made by Marx on sub-sumption and its influence in the foundation of the capitalist society and the subjectivity of its subjects (an alienated, anomic and rationalized one).
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología III (Estructura Social), leída el 01-12-2015