Publication: La sociedad del conocimiento y la propiedad intelectual. Mercancías ficticias, innovación y redes sociotécnicas
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2008-03
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Centro de Estudios sobre la Identidad Colectiva. Departamento de Sociología 2. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales - Universidad del País Vasco
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Abstract
Según algunos análisis recientes (Boltanski y Chiapello, 2002), los discursos del management contemporáneo representan el tipo ideal de discurso socioeconómico bajo el Capitalismo Global. En este artículo proponemos aplicar mecanismos analíticos similares a la Propiedad Intelectual como uno de los discursos clave que emergen en la Sociedad del Conocimiento. Patentes y copyright representan expresiones esenciales de lo que deben ser el saber y la información en una economía globalizada y tecnologizada. Dicha Propiedad Intelectual proporciona numerosas pistas sociológicas para las teorías que tratan de caracterizar la Sociedad del Conocimiento y el Capitalismo Global. En este artículo nos restringiremos a tres miradas concretas: i) las ideas y el saber como objetos apropiables y como “mercancías ficticias” (Polanyi), ii) la Innovación como el cambio social favorito e incuestionado que subyace a todas las políticas culturales, científicas y tecnológicas de la Sociedad del Conocimiento y iii) el papel de las redes sociotécnicas y de las “comunidades intelectuales” como sujetos sociales relevantes en los conflictos de Propiedad Intelectual y en el tipo de sociedad que se va formando.
According to some recent analysis (Boltanski and Chiapello, 1999), contemporary Management reflects the ideal type of current global economic discourse (the “New Spirit of Capitalism”). This paper aims to apply the same mechanism to Intellectual Property as one of the key social discourses arising within the Knowledge Society. Patents and copyrights depict emerging expressions of what knowledge is and how should be dealt with once economy and technology have been globalized. Focusing on such insights and on the attempts to enforce Intellectual Property rights and policies, we will go through a few current social theories. Intellectual Property unfolds a rich variety of social topics, values and ideological backgrounds we have collected and present in three sections: i) Ideas (Knowledge) as appropriable objects (Locke) and as “fictitious commodities” (Polanyi), ii) Innovation as the favourite and unquestioned social change (the triumph of Utilitarism), generated through individual efforts (the Schumpeter’s entrepreneurial innovator) and iii) Network-based knowledge communities as a relevant social subject in areas where knowledge is at stake (software development and genomics, for instance).
According to some recent analysis (Boltanski and Chiapello, 1999), contemporary Management reflects the ideal type of current global economic discourse (the “New Spirit of Capitalism”). This paper aims to apply the same mechanism to Intellectual Property as one of the key social discourses arising within the Knowledge Society. Patents and copyrights depict emerging expressions of what knowledge is and how should be dealt with once economy and technology have been globalized. Focusing on such insights and on the attempts to enforce Intellectual Property rights and policies, we will go through a few current social theories. Intellectual Property unfolds a rich variety of social topics, values and ideological backgrounds we have collected and present in three sections: i) Ideas (Knowledge) as appropriable objects (Locke) and as “fictitious commodities” (Polanyi), ii) Innovation as the favourite and unquestioned social change (the triumph of Utilitarism), generated through individual efforts (the Schumpeter’s entrepreneurial innovator) and iii) Network-based knowledge communities as a relevant social subject in areas where knowledge is at stake (software development and genomics, for instance).