Publication: Desempeño innovador de las subsidiarias de empresas multinacionales en la industria manufacturera en Colombia
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2014
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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El trabajo examina el desempeño innovador de las subsidiarias de empresas multinacionales presentes en la industria manufacturera colombiana en comparación a sus contrapartidas domésticas, con el fin de aportar elementos para evaluar la posibilidad de que existan efectos de desbordamiento tecnológicos hacia la economía doméstica. Dicho análisis se aborda a partir de un modelo estructural que permite estudiar las diferencias en la decisión de invertir en actividades de innovación, el esfuerzo realizado en esas inversiones y el proceso de producción de innovaciones. Los datos utilizados corresponden a la Segunda Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica en las empresas industriales en Colombia – EDIT IV- y la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera, para los años 2007 y 2008. Del análisis se desprenden varias conclusiones: (i) las subsidiarias de empresas extranjeras tienen una probabilidad similar de ejecutar actividades de innovación que las empresas domésticas que no exportan pero inferior a nacionales internacionalizadas; (ii) las subsidiarias son más intensivas en el uso de insumos de conocimiento que sus contrapartidas nacionales, pero la I+D que adelantan es mas tipo extramuros y es de gran importancia el gasto en actividades de innovación que requieren capacidades intermedias o básicas como la compra de tecnología incorporada; (iii) las subsidiarias no son superiores en la obtención de innovaciones adaptativas, pero si muestran una mayor probabilidad de obtener innovaciones reales (i.e hacia el mercado internacional) y a patentar invenciones, y (iv) las subsidiarias usan más intensivamente fuentes externas de conocimiento para obtener innovaciones reales, en especial desde su grupo multinacional y con otras empresas en la cadena de producción.
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