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Identifying the role of natural resources in knowledge-based strategies of development

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2013
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Knowledge has adopted a preferential role in the explanation of development while the evidence about the effect of natural resources in countries’ performance is more controversial in the economic literature. This paper tries to demonstrate that natural resources may positively affect growth in countries with a strong natural resources specialization pattern although the magnitude of these effects depend on the type of resources and on other aspects related to the production and innovation systems. The positive trajectory described by a set of national economies mainly specialized in natural resources and low-tech industries invites us to analyze what is the combination of factors that serves as engine for a sustainable development process. With panel data for the period 1996-2008 we estimate an applied growth model where both traditional factors and other more related to innovation and absorptive capabilities are taken into account. Our empirical findings show that according to the postulates of a knowledge-based approach, a framework that combines physical and intangible factors is more suitable for the definition of development strategies in those prosperous economies dominated by natural resources and connected activities, while the internationalization process of activities and technologies become also a very relevant aspect.
El conocimiento ha venido adoptando un papel preferente en la explicación del desarrollo en las últimas décadas; sin embargo, el efecto de los recursos naturales en el desempeño de los países es un problema que sigue estando sujeto a controversia. En este trabajo se trata de demostrar que los recursos naturales pueden afectar el crecimiento de países con una elevada especialización en éstos aunque el signo y la magnitud de los efectos dependen del tipo de recursos y de otros aspectos vinculados al sistema productivo y de innovación. La positiva trayectoria que han seguido algunas economías basadas en recursos y con predominio de industrias de baja tecnología, invita a analizar cuál es la combinación de factores que funcionaría como motor de un proceso de desarrollo sostenido. Usando datos de panel para el período 1996-2008, se estima un modelo aplicado de crecimiento en el que se incorporan tanto regresores tradicionales como factores relacionados con la capacidad de innovación y absorción de los países. Los resultados muestran que, de acuerdo a los postulados de la economía basada en el conocimiento, la consideración conjunta de factores tangibles e intangibles constituiría un enfoque más adecuado para la definición de estrategias en estas economías, en el que adquieren relevancia los aspectos vinculados a la internacionalización de actividades y tecnologías.
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Desarrollo económico , Economía industrial
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5307.03 Modelos y Teorías del desarrollo Económico , 5307.04 Estudios del desarrollo Económico
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