Publication: Estudio cronobiológico de la respuesta farmacológica y la variación de parámetros hemodinámicos de la combinación etomidato-Midazolam en perros y gatos
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2016-07-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Una doctrina fundamental de la biología, la medicina, la fisiología o la farmacología es la relativa constancia del medio biológico interno (Homeostasis). Las variables homeostáticas no se mantienen a un nivel constante, sino dentro de un cierto intervalo de valores repetidos a intervalos regulares (Ritmos Biológicos); cuando dicho ciclo se cumple en un periodo de 24 h se denomina Ritmo Circadiano. Los sincronizadores que definen este ritmo son, entre otros, la alternancia luz-oscuridad o la rutina de sueño (descanso-actividad). La Cronobiología estudia los ritmos biológicos y sus mecanismos de cronometraje, determinando la influencia que los mismos pueden ejercer en los seres vivos. La Cronofarmacología, a su vez, estudia los efectos de los fármacos en función del ritmo circadiano (bien por alteraciones en su cinética: cronofarmacocinética; o en su dinamia: cronofarmacodinamia), determinando el período decisivo de su administración, para conseguir un aumento de su eficacia y/o disminución de sus efectos adversos. Estas alteraciones son, particularmente, importantes en aquellos grupos farmacológicos más críticos como los anestésicos, ya que existen diferencias en la capacidad anestesia dependientes de la hora del día en que se administran estos fármacos. El etomidato es un agente anestésico no barbitúrico de acción rápida, recomendado para la inducción anestésica en animales que presentan patologías que comprometen su estabilidad hemodinámica, ya que no provoca alteraciones severas en el sistema cardiovascular o en la presión intracraneal. Actúa facilitando la transmisión mediada por GABA, al interactuar con una zona alostérica del complejo receptor GABA – ionóforo Cl-...
A fundamental doctrine of biology, medicine, physiology and pharmacology is the relative constancy of the internal biological environment (Homeostasis). Homeostatic variables are not maintained at a constant level, but within a certain interval repeated at regular intervals (Biological Rhythms) values; when the course is accomplished in a period of 24 h is called Circadian Rhythm. Synchronizers that define this rate are, among others, the light and darkness or sleep routine (rest-activity). Chronobiology studies the biological rhythms and timing mechanisms, determining the influence they can have on living things. The chronopharmacology, studies the effects of drugs on circadian rhythm function (either by alterations in its kinetics: chronopharmacokinetics, or in its dynamics: chronopharmacodynamics), determining the decisive period for administration, for increased efficiency and/or decrease its adverse effects. These changes are particularly important in the most critical pharmacological groups such as anesthetics because there are differences in the ability of anesthesia that depend on the time of day when these drugs are administered. Etomidate is a not barbiturate fast-acting anesthetic agent, recommended for induction of anesthesia in animals with diseases that compromise hemodynamic stability, as it does not cause severe alterations in the cardiovascular system or the intracranial pressure. It acts facilitating GABA-mediated transmission, interacting with an allosteric site of the GABA – ionophore Cl- receptor...
A fundamental doctrine of biology, medicine, physiology and pharmacology is the relative constancy of the internal biological environment (Homeostasis). Homeostatic variables are not maintained at a constant level, but within a certain interval repeated at regular intervals (Biological Rhythms) values; when the course is accomplished in a period of 24 h is called Circadian Rhythm. Synchronizers that define this rate are, among others, the light and darkness or sleep routine (rest-activity). Chronobiology studies the biological rhythms and timing mechanisms, determining the influence they can have on living things. The chronopharmacology, studies the effects of drugs on circadian rhythm function (either by alterations in its kinetics: chronopharmacokinetics, or in its dynamics: chronopharmacodynamics), determining the decisive period for administration, for increased efficiency and/or decrease its adverse effects. These changes are particularly important in the most critical pharmacological groups such as anesthetics because there are differences in the ability of anesthesia that depend on the time of day when these drugs are administered. Etomidate is a not barbiturate fast-acting anesthetic agent, recommended for induction of anesthesia in animals with diseases that compromise hemodynamic stability, as it does not cause severe alterations in the cardiovascular system or the intracranial pressure. It acts facilitating GABA-mediated transmission, interacting with an allosteric site of the GABA – ionophore Cl- receptor...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, leída el 23/11/2015