Publication: Percepción de salud oral y hábitos de higiene bucodental de una muestra de la población española trabajadora y su relación con el estado de salud periodontal
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2016-07-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las enfermedades periodontales son, por su frecuencia, un importante problema de salud pública en la mayoría de los países. Hay evidencia de que el paso de formas leves a formas destructivas de dichas enfermedades, se da solo en una pequeña proporción de individuos y que en ello influyen factores locales y factores genéticos, pero que también existen determinados determinantes demográficos, de estilo de vida y de comportamiento que son considerados potenciales factores de riesgo. Entre los indicadores de riesgo, se encuentran aquellos inherentes al individuo como la edad, el sexo y la raza y factores ambientales o sociales como el nivel educativo y socioeconómico, el tabaco y los hábitos de higiene oral. La percepción que tiene el propio individuo de su estado de salud, se ha propugnado como un medio diagnóstico útil en la investigación de distintos estados de salud o enfermedad, sobre todo cuando el objetivo es acceder a una amplia población de estudio. En el estudio de las enfermedades periodontales, se ha propuesto incorporar además de la percepción de la propia salud oral y las experiencias relacionadas con esta, el estudio de indicadores sociales y de hábitos de higiene bucal. La evidencia de la capacidad de detección de enfermedad periodontal mediante el uso de estos cuestionarios auto-referidos es cada vez mayor, demostrando, en muchos casos, un alto grado de sensibilidad y especificidad. En España se han realizado estudios nacionales utilizando la metodología descrita en las Encuestas de Salud Oral de los años 2000, 2005 y 2010 y en la Encuesta poblacional de la salud bucodental 2010, mediante la utilización de cuestionarios sobre percepción de salud oral, hábitos de higiene oral y uso de los servicios odontológicos Sin embargo, la auto-percepción en salud oral y hábitos de higiene oral relacionada con la situación real periodontal no se ha estudiado hasta ahora, sobre una muestra amplia y representativa de la población trabajadora española...
As a result of its high prevalence, periodontal disease is one of the biggest public health problems in most countries. Evidence shows that the progression from mild to destructive forms of periodontal disease occurs only in a small proportion of individuals, with this being influenced by local causal factors and genetic factors, but certain demographic variables to do with lifestyle and behaviour are also considered to involve potential risk. These include both factors and indicators inherent to the individual such as age, gender and race and environmental or social factors such as education and socioeconomic status, smoking and oral hygiene habits. The perception individuals have of their own health has been advocated as a useful diagnostic tool in research into various states of health or disease, including oral and, in particular, periodontal diseases. It has consequently been proposed that self-perceived oral health and experiences related to this be incorporated into questionnaires as measures of impact among social indicators for oral health status in order to access a broad study population. There is increasing evidence of the ability of such self-reported questionnaires to detect periodontal disease, in many cases, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. In Spain, there have been national studies using the above methodology, the Oral Health Surveys for 2000, 2005 and 2010, and the 2010 Population Oral Health Survey, with questionnaires on perceived oral health, oral hygiene habits and use of dental services; however they have yet to be carried out on a wide, representative sample of the Spanish working population, and they have not dealt with perception of oral health and oral hygiene habits and the relationship of these elements with actual periodontal health...
As a result of its high prevalence, periodontal disease is one of the biggest public health problems in most countries. Evidence shows that the progression from mild to destructive forms of periodontal disease occurs only in a small proportion of individuals, with this being influenced by local causal factors and genetic factors, but certain demographic variables to do with lifestyle and behaviour are also considered to involve potential risk. These include both factors and indicators inherent to the individual such as age, gender and race and environmental or social factors such as education and socioeconomic status, smoking and oral hygiene habits. The perception individuals have of their own health has been advocated as a useful diagnostic tool in research into various states of health or disease, including oral and, in particular, periodontal diseases. It has consequently been proposed that self-perceived oral health and experiences related to this be incorporated into questionnaires as measures of impact among social indicators for oral health status in order to access a broad study population. There is increasing evidence of the ability of such self-reported questionnaires to detect periodontal disease, in many cases, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. In Spain, there have been national studies using the above methodology, the Oral Health Surveys for 2000, 2005 and 2010, and the 2010 Population Oral Health Survey, with questionnaires on perceived oral health, oral hygiene habits and use of dental services; however they have yet to be carried out on a wide, representative sample of the Spanish working population, and they have not dealt with perception of oral health and oral hygiene habits and the relationship of these elements with actual periodontal health...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la Facultad de Odontología del Departamento de Estomatología III (Medicina y cirugía bucofacial), leída el 4 de Febrero de 2016