Publication: Entorno de realidad virtual controlado en tiempo real por señales motoras para la rehabilitación del miembro superior en pacientes con daño cerebral
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2016
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Abstract
Este trabajo tiene como meta el desarrollo de un sistema de neurorrehabilitación mediante realidad virtual para pacientes con problemas motores en las extremidades superiores provocados por un daño cerebral. Para entender y enfrentarse de manera correcta al problema, se han revisado todos los aspectos concernientes al daño cerebral y déficits motores derivados así como las terapias empleadas para su rehabilitación, como las que utilizan tecnologías asistidas como la realidad virtual. Se han expuesto las ventajas que han llevado a utilizar esta terapia en el proyecto y se han mencionado algunos estudios de investigación previos y con resultados favorables. Por último, se ha hecho hincapié en las novedades (embodiment y neuronas espejo) que aporta este proyecto con las que se podría acelerar la rehabilitación de los pacientes incidiendo en la plasticidad cerebral. En lo que se refiere al desarrollo del entorno, se ha utilizado el motor de videojuegos Unity 3D, con el que se ha integrado el dispositivo Myo Armband, para capturar el movimiento, y las gafas de realidad virtual Oculus Rift DK2. Durante la terapia, el paciente tiene que superar una serie de niveles definidos por el terapeuta y, para ello, debe realizar un alcance y tocar un botón un número de veces por cada nivel. En cada nivel, el esfuerzo que tiene que realizar el paciente es distinto, dependiendo de la distancia a la que se encuentre el botón (relativa al calibrado previo del paciente) e igualmente, está definido por el terapeuta. También se lleva a cabo un registro de las aceleraciones y del porcentaje de acierto del paciente en un fichero, para llevar un control de su progreso. Como conclusión, cabe mencionar que el entorno desarrollado es adaptable a las posibilidades de cada paciente, permitiendo una recuperación óptima. Se trata de un sistema de bajo coste, intuitivo y que lleva a cabo un registro de datos de la actividad del paciente, lo que posibilita, como trabajo futuro, el control de forma remota por parte del terapeuta. Todos estos aspectos dejan abierta la posibilidad de que el paciente lo utilice a domicilio, con las ventajas que conlleva. Del mismo modo, el sistema se podría adaptar fácilmente para la rehabilitación de las extremidades inferiores. Tras su análisis, los investigadores expertos en la materia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas afirman que el sistema satisface con creces su propósito. Con todo esto, se concluye que este entorno tiene un excelente presente y un futuro muy prometedor.
The goal of this project is to develop a neurorehabilitation system with virtual reality for patients with motor problems in the superior limbs caused by brain damage. Firstly, in order to understand and properly face the challenges of this subject, it has been covered several aspects related to brain damage and the motor deficits it brings and the employed therapies for the rehabilitation, such as those which use assisted technologies as virtual reality. It has also been exposed the advantages which made this type of therapies to be employed in this project and previous investigations with positive results. Finally, it has been stated the most novel aspects of this work (embodiment and mirror neurons) focusing on the brain plasticity with which the rehabilitation could be faster and more effective. Concerning the development of the system, it has been employed Unity 3D game engine with which the Myo Armband movement tracker device and Oculus Rift DK2 virtual reality glasses have been integrated. During the therapy, the patient has to complete a number of levels defined by the therapist; to do so, the patient has to reach and push a button several times per level. On each level the effort required by the patient is different depending on the distance the button is located (it is relative to the previous calibration of the patient). This distance is decided by the therapist. It has also been decided to register the acceleration raw data from the Myo Armband and the success rate in a file to monitor the progress of the patient. As a conclusion, it has to be mentioned that this system is flexible to each patient providing an optimum recovery. It is developed as a low cost system, with an intuitive interface and in addition it allows recording data from the rehabilitation session of each patient, this feature makes possible, as a future development, a remote control of the rehabilitation by the therapist. All these aspects leave an open door to the possibility to complete the rehabilitation from home, with all the advantages as cost or time. Also another prospective variety in a near future could be a rehabilitation system applied to the lower limbs. After evaluating the resulting system, the experts in this matter from the Superior Council for Scientific Investigations concurred that it fulfills its purpose. Finally, to sum up, this environment has showed an excellent present and a truly promising future.
The goal of this project is to develop a neurorehabilitation system with virtual reality for patients with motor problems in the superior limbs caused by brain damage. Firstly, in order to understand and properly face the challenges of this subject, it has been covered several aspects related to brain damage and the motor deficits it brings and the employed therapies for the rehabilitation, such as those which use assisted technologies as virtual reality. It has also been exposed the advantages which made this type of therapies to be employed in this project and previous investigations with positive results. Finally, it has been stated the most novel aspects of this work (embodiment and mirror neurons) focusing on the brain plasticity with which the rehabilitation could be faster and more effective. Concerning the development of the system, it has been employed Unity 3D game engine with which the Myo Armband movement tracker device and Oculus Rift DK2 virtual reality glasses have been integrated. During the therapy, the patient has to complete a number of levels defined by the therapist; to do so, the patient has to reach and push a button several times per level. On each level the effort required by the patient is different depending on the distance the button is located (it is relative to the previous calibration of the patient). This distance is decided by the therapist. It has also been decided to register the acceleration raw data from the Myo Armband and the success rate in a file to monitor the progress of the patient. As a conclusion, it has to be mentioned that this system is flexible to each patient providing an optimum recovery. It is developed as a low cost system, with an intuitive interface and in addition it allows recording data from the rehabilitation session of each patient, this feature makes possible, as a future development, a remote control of the rehabilitation by the therapist. All these aspects leave an open door to the possibility to complete the rehabilitation from home, with all the advantages as cost or time. Also another prospective variety in a near future could be a rehabilitation system applied to the lower limbs. After evaluating the resulting system, the experts in this matter from the Superior Council for Scientific Investigations concurred that it fulfills its purpose. Finally, to sum up, this environment has showed an excellent present and a truly promising future.
Description
Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería Informática (Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Informática, curso 2015/2016)