Publication: Mujeres a la filas del ISIS. Discursos de captación: el Manifiesto de la Brigada Al-Khanssaa.
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2016-06-08
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Abstract
En las últimas décadas el auge de diversos grupos insurgentes de ideología salafista es uno de los fenómenos más relevantes en la esfera internacional. El terrorismo yihadista se ha convertido en la principal amenaza a la seguridad y la paz mundial. Sin embargo, si hasta hace dos años Al Qaeda era el grupo terrorista más violento que amenazaba los cimientos de la seguridad y la democracia, actualmente es Estado Islámico la organización que ha adquirido un protagonismo siniestro y sin precedentes.
La aparición y consolidación de Estado Islámico no puede explicarse sin prestar atención a la evolución que ha sufrido Al-Qaeda, desde sus orígenes a finales de la década de los ochenta. Estado Islámico ha sabido aprovechar los cambios de la globalización y por ello, consiguir objetivos que nunca antes una organización terrorista había logrado.
Estado Islámico, nuevo actor en la Sociedad Internacional, pretende expandirse y establecerse como un ‘imperio’ yihadista, por ello, aprovecha los territorios ocupados para construir estructuras propias de un Estado. Persigue objetivos diversos, entre ellos establecer un estado teocrático armado, en el que la violencia extrema sea signo de identidad propio, ya que trata de imponer mediante las armas una islamización del orden social. Los esfuerzos de la organización dirigidos al cumplimiento de sus objetivos, han provocado que actualmente se den fenómenos novedosos que conviene detenerse a analizar. En concreto, el incremento sin precedentes en el número de extranjeros movilizados para combatir hacia los territorios que se han convertido en núcleo de operaciones de Estado Islámico, ya que pone de manifesto el éxito de la organización en suelo foráneo, sobre todo en Estados árabes.
Estado Islámico, no solo es capaz de movilizar a hombres de múltiples países, sino que ha demostrado tener un proyecto para las mujeres, por lo que cada vez son más las personas que se ven inmersas en los procesos de captación y reclutamiento que lleva a cabo la organización a través de la red y otros medios. Estado Islámico publicita su ambición empleando propaganda política, sirviéndose de las nuevas tecnologías y las oportunidades que brinda la sociedad en red. Los mensajes de Estado Islámico tienen dos tipos de audiencia, la población musulmana de Oriente Medio y potenciales prosélitos de territorios occidentales.
In the last decades jihadist terrorism has evolved significantly, presently becoming one of the principle threats to security and global peace. Since the beginning of the millenium the number of terrorist attacks has increased ninefold, registering up to 32.658 attacks in 2014. Under the radical Salafist ideology, Islamic State is today the terrorist organization, which operates with more violence in the International Community. The organization intends to establish a caliphate and tries to impose an islamization of the social order with violence. To accomplish its goals, Islamic State projects, through political propaganda, the necessity of incorporating a large number of members to its ranks. In 2015, between 27.000 and 31.000 persons were mobilized from 86 countries to join the jihadist cause. Islamic State directs its recruitment discourses as much to men as to women, who, for different reasons, become involved in radicalization processes which lead to carrying out violent attacks. The Al-Khanssaa Brigade, part of Islamic State and composed exclusively by women, disseminated in 2015 a document titled “Manifesto on Muslim Women” in which it describes the role that every Muslim woman, by divine decree, must fulfill. The Manifesto tries to convince Muslim women of the necessity of developing their lives exclusively in the private field. The text is based on the lectures of the Coran to justify the biased content of the message. A message ideologically charged which intends the subordination and submission of Muslim women.
In the last decades jihadist terrorism has evolved significantly, presently becoming one of the principle threats to security and global peace. Since the beginning of the millenium the number of terrorist attacks has increased ninefold, registering up to 32.658 attacks in 2014. Under the radical Salafist ideology, Islamic State is today the terrorist organization, which operates with more violence in the International Community. The organization intends to establish a caliphate and tries to impose an islamization of the social order with violence. To accomplish its goals, Islamic State projects, through political propaganda, the necessity of incorporating a large number of members to its ranks. In 2015, between 27.000 and 31.000 persons were mobilized from 86 countries to join the jihadist cause. Islamic State directs its recruitment discourses as much to men as to women, who, for different reasons, become involved in radicalization processes which lead to carrying out violent attacks. The Al-Khanssaa Brigade, part of Islamic State and composed exclusively by women, disseminated in 2015 a document titled “Manifesto on Muslim Women” in which it describes the role that every Muslim woman, by divine decree, must fulfill. The Manifesto tries to convince Muslim women of the necessity of developing their lives exclusively in the private field. The text is based on the lectures of the Coran to justify the biased content of the message. A message ideologically charged which intends the subordination and submission of Muslim women.