Publication: Efectos de la ketamina o la alfaxalona y su combinación con diazepam o dexmedetomidina en el cerdo
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2016-08-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La especie porcina constituye hoy en día la de elección en muchos modelos experimentales utilizados en investigación, debido principalmente, a sus similitudes anatómicas y fisiológicas y a su reactividad farmacológica con el hombre; sin embargo son animales de difícil manejo que se estresan con facilidad, por lo que la vía intramuscular constituye la vía más cómoda y fácil de utilizar. Tradicionalmente se ha utilizado, para la tranquilización y anestesia de la especie porcina la ketamina, combinada con benzodiacepinas o con agonistas de los receptores adrenérgicos α2 habituales; sin embargo, recientemente se están empleando nuevos y potentes fármacos para la tranquilización y anestesia de esta especie, entre los que se encuentran la dexmedetomidina, un agonista potente, eficaz y selectivo de los receptores adrenérgicos α2 sobre el sistema nervioso central y periférico. La bradicardia e hipotensión se encuentran entre sus efectos adversos más comunes, sin embargo ejerce un efecto leve sobre la ventilación y produce un excelente efecto sedante y antinociceptivo, disminuyendo los requerimientos de otros fármacos anestésicos intravenosos, con la ventaja de poder ser antagonizada, por lo que viene siendo utilizada en medicina veterinaria tanto en el campo de la anestesiología clínica como en la captura y manejo de animales exóticos. La dexmedetomidina se ha empleado tanto en medicina humana como en veterinaria de forma parenteral sola y/o combinada con ketamina o alfaxalona...
The swine is the option used in many experimental research models, primarily due to its anatomical and physiological similarities and because of its pharmacological reactivity with humans; however these animals are not easy to handle and get stressed easily, so the intramuscular route is the most convenient and easy way to use. Ketamine has been traditionally used for the tranquillization and anesthesia of swine, combined with benzodiazepines or with common α2 adrenergic receptor's agonist. However, powerful new drugs for are recently being used for this type of tranquillization and anesthesia, among which we find dexmedetomidine, a powerful, effective and selective agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors on the central and peripheral nervous system. Bradycardia and hypotension are among their most common adverse effects, however it has a slight effect on ventilation and produces an excellent sedative and antinociceptive effect, reducing the requirements for other intravenous anesthetic drugs, with the advantage of being antagonized. It is for this reason that it has been used in veterinary medicine both in the field of clinical anesthesiology and the capture and management of exotic animals. Dexmedetomidine has been used in both human and veterinary medicine in parenteral form alone and / or combined with ketamine or alphaxalone...
The swine is the option used in many experimental research models, primarily due to its anatomical and physiological similarities and because of its pharmacological reactivity with humans; however these animals are not easy to handle and get stressed easily, so the intramuscular route is the most convenient and easy way to use. Ketamine has been traditionally used for the tranquillization and anesthesia of swine, combined with benzodiazepines or with common α2 adrenergic receptor's agonist. However, powerful new drugs for are recently being used for this type of tranquillization and anesthesia, among which we find dexmedetomidine, a powerful, effective and selective agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors on the central and peripheral nervous system. Bradycardia and hypotension are among their most common adverse effects, however it has a slight effect on ventilation and produces an excellent sedative and antinociceptive effect, reducing the requirements for other intravenous anesthetic drugs, with the advantage of being antagonized. It is for this reason that it has been used in veterinary medicine both in the field of clinical anesthesiology and the capture and management of exotic animals. Dexmedetomidine has been used in both human and veterinary medicine in parenteral form alone and / or combined with ketamine or alphaxalone...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, leída el 26/01/2016