Publication: Farmacocinética y depleción de residuos de tilosina en truchas ("Oncorhynchus Mykiss")
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2016-08-17
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Martínez Caballero, María Aránzazu
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La tilosina, antibiótico de amplio uso en medicina veterinaria, pertenece al grupo de los antibióticos macrólidos. Actúa inhibiendo la síntesis de proteínas en la bacteria. La tilosina es una mezcla de cuatro fracciones Tilosina A, Tilosina B, Tilosina C y Tilosina D. La Tilosina A es el componente mayoritario (normalmente constituye un 90% de la mezcla y nunca menos del 80%). La tilosina ha sido incluida en el Anexo I del Reglamento No 37/2010 de la Comisión para uso en todas las especies productoras de alimentos incluyendo peces, estableciéndose un Límite Máximo de Residuos (LMR). La tilosina presenta una acción esencialmente bacteriostática frente a bacterias Gram-positivas y algunas Gran-negativas, así como otros organismos como micoplasma, espiroquetas, clamidia y rickettsia. Presenta valores de concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) entre 0,2 y 1 μg/ml frente a varias bacterias y micoplasmas patógenos susceptibles. En la literatura existen trabajos publicados de farmacocinética de tilosina en ganado bovino, caprino, ovino, perros y aves, en los que tras administración intramuscular la tilosina se distribuye ampliamente a tejidos y presenta una alta biodisponilbilidad. Sin embargo, no existen estudios realizados en peces. Dado que es necesario conocer la disposición de un fármaco en la especie estudiada para diseñar un adecuado régimen de dosificación, los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido: (i) describir el comportamiento cinético de la tilosina tras administración oral única y múltiple en trucha arcoriris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y (ii) evaluar la depleción de tilosina A en tejido comestible (músculo + piel) tras administración oral múltiple...
Tylosin, a drug mainly used in veterinary medicine, belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the translocation step. Tylosin consists of a mixture of the macrolides Tylosin A, Tylosin B, Tylosin C and Tylosin D. Tylosin A is by far the major component (usually about 90% and not less than 80%). The Regulation (EC) No 37/2010 (Annex I) listed the active substance tylosin to be used in all food producing species including fish with a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established. Tylosin is a lipid-soluble organic base (pKa = 7,1) with 40% binding to serum proteins, a high degree of lipid solubility and a low degree of ionisation. It has a broad, essentially bacteriostatic action against many Gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, as well as against other organisms, including mycoplasma, spirochetes, chlamydiae and rickettsiae. Tylosin is an antibiotic with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.2 to 1 μg/ml for various susceptible bacterial and mycoplasma pathogens. Pharmacokinetic studies of tylosin have been reported in cows, ewes, calves, goats, dogs, and birds. In most studies, i.m. administration of tylosin led to high tissue distribution and satisfactory bioavailability. Although the responses of cattle, sheep, gosts, pigs and poultry to tylosin are documented, there are no pharmacokinetic studies in fish, due to the difficulties of working with fish. Because the knowledge of the disposition of a drug in each species is desirable for the design of a satisfactory dosage regime, the objectives of the present study were: (i) to describe the kinetic behavior of tilosin following single and multiple oral dose in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and (ii) to evaluate the depletion of tilosin A in edible tissues (muscle + skin) after multiple oral dose...
Tylosin, a drug mainly used in veterinary medicine, belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the translocation step. Tylosin consists of a mixture of the macrolides Tylosin A, Tylosin B, Tylosin C and Tylosin D. Tylosin A is by far the major component (usually about 90% and not less than 80%). The Regulation (EC) No 37/2010 (Annex I) listed the active substance tylosin to be used in all food producing species including fish with a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established. Tylosin is a lipid-soluble organic base (pKa = 7,1) with 40% binding to serum proteins, a high degree of lipid solubility and a low degree of ionisation. It has a broad, essentially bacteriostatic action against many Gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, as well as against other organisms, including mycoplasma, spirochetes, chlamydiae and rickettsiae. Tylosin is an antibiotic with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.2 to 1 μg/ml for various susceptible bacterial and mycoplasma pathogens. Pharmacokinetic studies of tylosin have been reported in cows, ewes, calves, goats, dogs, and birds. In most studies, i.m. administration of tylosin led to high tissue distribution and satisfactory bioavailability. Although the responses of cattle, sheep, gosts, pigs and poultry to tylosin are documented, there are no pharmacokinetic studies in fish, due to the difficulties of working with fish. Because the knowledge of the disposition of a drug in each species is desirable for the design of a satisfactory dosage regime, the objectives of the present study were: (i) to describe the kinetic behavior of tilosin following single and multiple oral dose in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and (ii) to evaluate the depletion of tilosin A in edible tissues (muscle + skin) after multiple oral dose...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, leída el 02-02-2016