Publication: Apego, resiliencia y afrontamiento: un estudio con víctimas de violencia de género
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2016-08-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las investigaciones sobre los efectos del maltrato en el ámbito de la pareja son relativamente recientes. Este trabajo se centra en cómo se expresa la violencia de género en el ámbito de la pareja, y destaca que la característica principal es la asimetría relacional que se desarrolla entre el hombre y la mujer, construida a través de estrategias de violenta psicológica, física y/o sexual. Se entiende que no hay un perfil de mujer maltratada (ser mujer es el único factor común), pero que existen determinados factores de riesgo que aumentan la vulnerabilidad de las víctimas. Respecto a la psicopatología encontrada, las investigaciones señalan peor salud mental en las mujeres maltratadas (frente a las que no lo son), destacando principalmente sintomatología de estrés postraumático, depresión y ansiedad. Además, se ha evaluado qué papel tienen otras características psicológicas respecto al trauma de la violencia, como son el apego en la etapa adulta, la resiliencia y el afrontamiento. En general, los datos reflejan que aparecen relaciones entre el apego seguro, la resiliencia, y los modos de afrontar el estrés más saludables. En la etapa adulta, la figura principal de apego suele ser la pareja, y los estudios sobre trauma relacionan especialmente el apego preocupado con las mujeres maltratadas, lo que sugiere que la dependencia hacia la figura de apego y su miedo al abandono, hacen que prioricen el mantenimiento de la relación con el agresor, frente a su propio bienestar personal. A partir de estas evidencias empíricas, este trabajo pretende analizar, a través de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, la historia de violencia de las mujeres evaluadas, y ver si existen diferencias en función de las características sociodemográficas y psicopatológicas, así como estudiar el papel del apego, la resiliencia y el afrontamiento. En último lugar, se pretende detectar qué variables actúan como factores de protección o de riesgo en el desarrollo de la psicopatología desarrollada por las mujeres maltratadas...
Research about the effects of abuse in partner relationships is relatively recent. This work focuses on how violence against women is expressed in intimate partner violence, and points out how the main feature is the asymmetrical relationship that develops between men and women, built up through psychological, physical and/or sexual violence. It is believed that there is no defined profile of a battered woman (the one common characteristic they are all female) but there are some shared risk factors which increase the vulnerability of the victim. Regarding the psychopathology found, research points out worse mental health conditions in battered women (in contrast to those who are not), mainly showing symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the role of other psychological features have been evaluated in relation to the trauma of violence, such as attachments in adulthood, resilience and coping. Generally, the data reflects that a relationship appeared between secure attachments, resilience and a healthier way to face stress. In adulthood, the main attachment figure is usually the partner, and trauma research especially links preoccupied attachment with battered women. This suggests that dependence towards the attachment figure and its fear of abandonment makes the preservation of the relationship with the aggressor the priority, rather than her own personal well-being. According to the empirical evidence found, this work attempts to analyze, through a cross sectional, descriptive and correlational study, the history of violence of the women assessed, and the differences according to the sociodemographic and psychopathological features, as well as studying the role of attachment, resilience and coping. Finally, it will attempt to detect which variables act as protective or risk factors in the development of the pathology developed by battered women...
Research about the effects of abuse in partner relationships is relatively recent. This work focuses on how violence against women is expressed in intimate partner violence, and points out how the main feature is the asymmetrical relationship that develops between men and women, built up through psychological, physical and/or sexual violence. It is believed that there is no defined profile of a battered woman (the one common characteristic they are all female) but there are some shared risk factors which increase the vulnerability of the victim. Regarding the psychopathology found, research points out worse mental health conditions in battered women (in contrast to those who are not), mainly showing symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the role of other psychological features have been evaluated in relation to the trauma of violence, such as attachments in adulthood, resilience and coping. Generally, the data reflects that a relationship appeared between secure attachments, resilience and a healthier way to face stress. In adulthood, the main attachment figure is usually the partner, and trauma research especially links preoccupied attachment with battered women. This suggests that dependence towards the attachment figure and its fear of abandonment makes the preservation of the relationship with the aggressor the priority, rather than her own personal well-being. According to the empirical evidence found, this work attempts to analyze, through a cross sectional, descriptive and correlational study, the history of violence of the women assessed, and the differences according to the sociodemographic and psychopathological features, as well as studying the role of attachment, resilience and coping. Finally, it will attempt to detect which variables act as protective or risk factors in the development of the pathology developed by battered women...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico I (Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica), leída el 14-01-2016