Publication: La representación de las ancianas mayas prehispánicas de Tierras Bajas desde una perspectiva de género
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2016-09-30
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La posición que ocupan los ancianos en sus comunidades depende de múltiples factores, entre ellos el tipo de organización social, económica y política, así como el sexo de los individuos. Por ello, dicha posición ha oscilado entre la gerontocracia y la marginación de los mayores. En este caso se pretende conocer cuál fue la posición de las ancianas en la sociedad maya prehispánica de Tierras Bajas a través de la Iconografía. Los objetivos de esta investigación eran seis, desarrollados cada uno de ellos en un capítulo. El primero era conocer el estado de la cuestión de los estudios sobre ancianos prehispánicos en el área maya y ponerlo en relación con los estudios sobre mujer y género. El segundo objetivo era el de definir qué es lo que los mayas prehispánicos consideraban anciano y averiguar cuál era su aspecto y los rasgos que delataban su edad. En tercer lugar se pretendía conocer cuáles de dichos rasgos sirvieron para identificar a los ancianos en la Iconografía y ver cómo se manifestaron en función del periodo, el soporte y el sexo del personaje. De este modo, se pudo diferenciar a los ancianos de los personajes de edad dudosa y estudiar qué roles desempeñaron y en qué temas participaron, prestando especial atención a las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres; todo lo cual constituye el cuarto objetivo. El quinto fue analizar las representaciones de ancianas a la luz de lo observado y compararlas con lo que dicen de ellas tanto las fuentes coloniales como las actuales, para averiguar cuales tienen un sustento iconográfico y conocer así la posición de las mujeres en sus comunidades. Por último, se creó una base de datos con el mayor número posible de representaciones de ancianos para que sirviese de base a ésta y a futuras investigaciones...
The objectives of this dissertation are six, each of which has been developed in a different chapter. The first objective was to describe the current status of the issue of studies about elderly pre-Columbian Mayan people and its relationship to women’s and gender studies. The second objective was to ascertain what pre-Columbian Mayans considered to be elderly, what their appearance was, and what physical aspects or features marked them as elderly people. The third objective was to describe which of these physical markers allow us to identify elders in the Iconography, and to see how they were depicted with relation to period, medium and sex. This enabled us both to distinguish the elderly from people of uncertain age, and to research the roles they played and the themes in which they took part, paying special attention to the differences between men and women, which constitutes the fourth objective. The fifth one was to analyze the representations of elderly Mayan women. For this we have borne in mind what we have learned until know, and have compared that knowledge with textual sources, both colonial and contemporary. The goal was to ascertain whether these written sources had iconographic support and to discover the position of elderly women in their communities. Finally, a database was created with the greatest number possible of representations of elderly people, which served as a basis for present. Hopefully, it will serve for future researchs. To carry out these objectives we have used an Iconographic methodology. The lack of existing prehistoric texts has been compensated by using colonial and contemporary documents. In a first stage, the physical markers found in ancient preColumbian Maya representations have been described. To do this, we needed to know the physical changes that take place in elderly people’s bodies. In a second stage, the rules that determine such changes have been analyzed according to media, period and sex of the people represented. This has led us to the establishment of typologies...
The objectives of this dissertation are six, each of which has been developed in a different chapter. The first objective was to describe the current status of the issue of studies about elderly pre-Columbian Mayan people and its relationship to women’s and gender studies. The second objective was to ascertain what pre-Columbian Mayans considered to be elderly, what their appearance was, and what physical aspects or features marked them as elderly people. The third objective was to describe which of these physical markers allow us to identify elders in the Iconography, and to see how they were depicted with relation to period, medium and sex. This enabled us both to distinguish the elderly from people of uncertain age, and to research the roles they played and the themes in which they took part, paying special attention to the differences between men and women, which constitutes the fourth objective. The fifth one was to analyze the representations of elderly Mayan women. For this we have borne in mind what we have learned until know, and have compared that knowledge with textual sources, both colonial and contemporary. The goal was to ascertain whether these written sources had iconographic support and to discover the position of elderly women in their communities. Finally, a database was created with the greatest number possible of representations of elderly people, which served as a basis for present. Hopefully, it will serve for future researchs. To carry out these objectives we have used an Iconographic methodology. The lack of existing prehistoric texts has been compensated by using colonial and contemporary documents. In a first stage, the physical markers found in ancient preColumbian Maya representations have been described. To do this, we needed to know the physical changes that take place in elderly people’s bodies. In a second stage, the rules that determine such changes have been analyzed according to media, period and sex of the people represented. This has led us to the establishment of typologies...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 25-01-2016