Publication: Iconografía mitraica en Hispania
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2016-10-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una puesta al día de los catálogos del material relativo a los Misterios de Mitra en Hispania elaborados por García y Bellido (1967) y Alvar Ezquerra (1981). La multiplicidad de hallazgos en las últimas décadas y la revisión de las teorías más tradicionales en este campo de estudio, hacen obligado reexaminar material arqueológico. Para ello, nos hemos centrado en los monumentos figurativos, ya que la Iconografía mitraica ha sido considerada un mero vehículo para la transmisión de la escatología del culto. De esta forma, el estudio de las imágenes quedaba relegado a un segundo plano, dado que se manifestaban como iconos repetitivos, monótonos, de dudosa calidad estética. Sin embargo, el análisis de las fuentes literarias, el estudio de los modelos empleados, los diversos asuntos iconográficos y las semejanzas formales con otras imágenes de culto contemporáneas, revelan que los Misterios de Mitra se valieron del repertorio grecorromano para la conformación de su propia iconografía. Los primeros autores dedicados al estudio de los Misterios de Mitra, Cumont y Vermaseren, concebían este fenómeno como una serie de creencias procedentes de Persia que penetraron el Imperio romano gracias al contacto de las tropas y comerciantes con los territorios conquistados, a partir del s. I d. C. Mitra, dios de naturaleza solar, encarnaría los valores viriles de lealtad y triunfo militar, hecho que habría favorecido su difusión entre los soldados del Imperio...
This doctoral thesis aims to provide an update of the catalogues of findings associated with the Mysteries of Mithras in Hispania produced by García y Bellido (1967) and Alvar Ezquerra (1981). A new approach to the archaeological material is needed due to the multiplicity of findings in recent decades and the overcoming of traditional theories in this field of study. We have focused on the figurative monuments, as mithraic iconography has been considered a mere vehicle for the transmission of the eschatology of the cult. Therefore, the study of images has been relegated to a secondary role due to the monotonous, repetitive icons of mediocre aesthetic quality. However, the analysis of literary sources, the study of the models, the motifs and the formal similarities with other ancient worship images have revealed that the Mysteries of Mithras borrowed from the Greco-Roman repertoire the imagery language to shape its own iconography. Cumont and Vermaseren, the first authors to study the Mysteries of Mithras, conceived this phenomenon as a set of beliefs of Persian origin that entered the Roman Empire in the AD 1st century, when the troops and traders came into contact with the recently conquered Eastern territories. Mithras, a solar deity, embodied the values of loyalty and military triumph, a quality that might have favoured its spread among Roman soldiers. Nonetheless, the cult of Mithras in the East lacked the mystery structure that would develop later in the Empire...
This doctoral thesis aims to provide an update of the catalogues of findings associated with the Mysteries of Mithras in Hispania produced by García y Bellido (1967) and Alvar Ezquerra (1981). A new approach to the archaeological material is needed due to the multiplicity of findings in recent decades and the overcoming of traditional theories in this field of study. We have focused on the figurative monuments, as mithraic iconography has been considered a mere vehicle for the transmission of the eschatology of the cult. Therefore, the study of images has been relegated to a secondary role due to the monotonous, repetitive icons of mediocre aesthetic quality. However, the analysis of literary sources, the study of the models, the motifs and the formal similarities with other ancient worship images have revealed that the Mysteries of Mithras borrowed from the Greco-Roman repertoire the imagery language to shape its own iconography. Cumont and Vermaseren, the first authors to study the Mysteries of Mithras, conceived this phenomenon as a set of beliefs of Persian origin that entered the Roman Empire in the AD 1st century, when the troops and traders came into contact with the recently conquered Eastern territories. Mithras, a solar deity, embodied the values of loyalty and military triumph, a quality that might have favoured its spread among Roman soldiers. Nonetheless, the cult of Mithras in the East lacked the mystery structure that would develop later in the Empire...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 15/01/2016