Publication: Conflicto socio-ambiental en el territorio U'wa: un análisis del conflicto entre indígenas y estado colombiano en torno al desarrollo, el medio ambiente y la cultura
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2016-10-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El reconocimiento de los grupos étnicos, en América en general y en Colombia en particular, tomó auge a partir de la década de los años 70 del siglo pasado, impulsado por organizaciones indígenas con la colaboración de diferentes estamentos sociales. Este proceso empezó por reconocer la diversidad cultural y continuó hasta elevarse al estatus de precepto constitucional, tal como quedó recogido en la Constitución Política colombiana expedida en 1991. Ello, sin embargo, no ha bastado para acabar con el proceso general de destrucción de la población y las culturas indígenas americanas, ahora amparado en modelos de desarrollo que vulneran su cultura y su territorialidad y protagonizado por grandes transnacionales mineras. Para el caso exclusivo de Colombia, los desplazamientos internos, principalmente de indígenas y campesinos, han sido producto del actual conflicto bélico que se ha mantenido por más de setenta años. Además, existen otros factores socioeconómicos, tales como la inequitativa distribución del ingreso y la riqueza, la existencia de latifundios improductivos y de campesinos sin tierra y la presencia de transnacionales mineras con negativo impacto ecológico e inquietantes repercusiones socio-ambientales. El objetivo de esta investigación, teniendo como referencia los anteriores hechos, es analizar la interacción de los grupos indígenas colombianos con la sociedad y la cultura nacionales, representadas por el Estado y las compañías multinacionales, y el modo en que los valores de esa cultura que aun cabe denominar como occidental cristiana –concepciones económicas, sociales y políticas, sus instituciones constitucionales y legales, y grupos ilegales– han afectado a la cultura ancestral y los derechos territoriales de estas colectividades...
The recognition of ethnic groups in America in general and Colombia in particular took boom from the decade 70s of last century, driven by indigenous organizations in collaboration with different social strata. This process began by recognizing cultural diversity and continued to rise to the status of constitutional precept, as it was reflected in the Colombian Constitution drew up in 1991. This, however, was not enough to end the overall process of destruction of the population and indigenous American cultures, currently connected to models of development which spread to these communities breaking their culture and territoriality, and directed by large transnational companies develop mining extractive processes. For the unique case of Colombia, internal displacements, mainly Indians and peasants, have been the product of the current war that has continued for more than seventy years. There are other socioeconomic factors such as inequitable distribution of income and wealth, the existence of unproductive large estates and peasants without land and the presence of transnational mining companies with a negative ecological impact and disturbing socio-environmental impacts. The aim of this research, referencing the above facts, is to analyze the interaction of Colombian indigenous groups to society and national culture, represented by the State and multinational companies, and how the values of that culture which can be named as Christian Western economic, social and political conceptions, its constitutional and legal institutions, and illegal-groups have affected the ancient culture and the land rights of these communities...
The recognition of ethnic groups in America in general and Colombia in particular took boom from the decade 70s of last century, driven by indigenous organizations in collaboration with different social strata. This process began by recognizing cultural diversity and continued to rise to the status of constitutional precept, as it was reflected in the Colombian Constitution drew up in 1991. This, however, was not enough to end the overall process of destruction of the population and indigenous American cultures, currently connected to models of development which spread to these communities breaking their culture and territoriality, and directed by large transnational companies develop mining extractive processes. For the unique case of Colombia, internal displacements, mainly Indians and peasants, have been the product of the current war that has continued for more than seventy years. There are other socioeconomic factors such as inequitable distribution of income and wealth, the existence of unproductive large estates and peasants without land and the presence of transnational mining companies with a negative ecological impact and disturbing socio-environmental impacts. The aim of this research, referencing the above facts, is to analyze the interaction of Colombian indigenous groups to society and national culture, represented by the State and multinational companies, and how the values of that culture which can be named as Christian Western economic, social and political conceptions, its constitutional and legal institutions, and illegal-groups have affected the ancient culture and the land rights of these communities...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia de América II (Antropología de América), leída el 14/12/2015