Publication: La economía atlántica: liberalización comercial y efectos económicos
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2017-01-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Unión Europea inició en 2013 la negociación del acuerdo comercial denominado “Partenariado Transatlántico sobre Comercio e Inversión”, más conocido por las siglas en inglés de dicho acuerdo, TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership). Se trata del acuerdo de libre comercio más importante de la historia de la Unión Europea, con un potencial impacto económico relevante sobre la economía europea, la economía española y, también, sobre el orden comercial multilateral articulado en torno a la Organización Mundial de Comercio y el GATT. Se ha considera oportuno, en consecuencia, investigar de forma rigurosa sobre el potencial impacto económico de este acuerdo comercial. Síntesis La tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo desarrollar el marco analítico en el cual evaluar el potencial impacto económico del acuerdo comercial conocido como TTIP. Pretende, en primer lugar, a la luz de las estadísticas oficiales disponibles, analizar en profundidad la economía atlántica, desde la perspectiva de los flujos de comercio de bienes y servicios y de los flujos de inversión, y aplicar la nueva teoría pura del comercio internacional (bajo supuestos de economías de escala, diferenciación de producto y preferencia por la variedad en las funciones de demanda del consumidor) a la explicación de los intercambios comerciales atlánticos. Se propone asimismo aplicar la teoría económica al análisis del impacto de las variaciones de los precios internacionales de los inputs energéticos o commodities sobre la economía atlántica. El segundo objetivo es profundizar en el análisis de las barreras que aún obstaculizan los intercambios comerciales de bienes y servicios y los flujos de capitales y de personas en la “economía atlántica”. Se trata de extender el análisis desde los obstáculos comerciales tradicionales (aranceles y contingentes), a los que subyacen en la regulación, los estándares técnicos, las reglas sobre compras públicas, las decisiones en el ámbito de la política de defensa de la competencia o en el uso de los instrumentos de defensa comercial. El análisis horizontal de las barreras se complementa con otro de carácter sectorial. Sin este ejercicio no es posible evaluar correctamente el impacto potencial de una liberalización comercial atlántica completa y profunda...
In 2013 the European Union began negotiations of a trade agreement called "The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership ", otherwise known as TTIP. This is the most important free-trade agreement in the history of the European Union, with potential economic impacts on the European economy, the Spanish economy and also on the multilateral trading agreements in effect throughout the World Trade Organisation and GATT. It must be therefore considered appropriate to perform a robust investigation on the potential economic impacts of this trade agreement. Synthesis. The doctoral thesis aims to develop the analytical framework in which to analyse the potential economic impacts of the trade agreement known as TTIP. Based on official statistics, its first aim is to analyse the Atlantic economy in depth, from the perspective of the trade flows of goods and services, as well as of investment flows; and to apply the new pure theory of international trade (assuming economies of scale, product differentiation and preference for variety in consumer demand functions) to the explanation of the Atlantic trade exchanges. It also sets out the application of economic theory to the analysis of impact of variation of international price of commodities on the Atlantic economy. The second objective is to deepen the analysis of the barriers that continue to block the commercial exchanges of goods and services, capital flows and people in the Atlantic Economy. It is about extending the analysis away from traditional trade barriers (tariffs and quotas), to those which are obscured behind regulatory standards, technical standards, rules on public procurement, decisions of antitrust bodies or the use of trade-defence mechanisms. The horizontal analysis of the barriers works together with another one based on sector. Without this exercise, it is not possible to correctly assess the potential impact of a complete and all-encompassing liberalisation of Atlantic trade...
In 2013 the European Union began negotiations of a trade agreement called "The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership ", otherwise known as TTIP. This is the most important free-trade agreement in the history of the European Union, with potential economic impacts on the European economy, the Spanish economy and also on the multilateral trading agreements in effect throughout the World Trade Organisation and GATT. It must be therefore considered appropriate to perform a robust investigation on the potential economic impacts of this trade agreement. Synthesis. The doctoral thesis aims to develop the analytical framework in which to analyse the potential economic impacts of the trade agreement known as TTIP. Based on official statistics, its first aim is to analyse the Atlantic economy in depth, from the perspective of the trade flows of goods and services, as well as of investment flows; and to apply the new pure theory of international trade (assuming economies of scale, product differentiation and preference for variety in consumer demand functions) to the explanation of the Atlantic trade exchanges. It also sets out the application of economic theory to the analysis of impact of variation of international price of commodities on the Atlantic economy. The second objective is to deepen the analysis of the barriers that continue to block the commercial exchanges of goods and services, capital flows and people in the Atlantic Economy. It is about extending the analysis away from traditional trade barriers (tariffs and quotas), to those which are obscured behind regulatory standards, technical standards, rules on public procurement, decisions of antitrust bodies or the use of trade-defence mechanisms. The horizontal analysis of the barriers works together with another one based on sector. Without this exercise, it is not possible to correctly assess the potential impact of a complete and all-encompassing liberalisation of Atlantic trade...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada III, leída el 10/12/2015