Publication: Calidad del empleo y la vivienda de los emigrantes mexicanos retornados de Estados Unidos en 1997 y 2010
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2017-01-16
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El retorno de emigrantes mexicanos de Estados Unidos de América (en adelante EUA) ha sido investigado poco por la literatura científica, que, en este tema se ha centrado en su selección (positiva o negativa, con respecto a los emigrantes que permanecían), por el interés que tiene para la política migratoria estadounidense. El enfoque de este trabajo se sitúa, en cambio, del lado mexicano, y trata un tema aún menos investigado dentro de la migración temporal (aunque, no por ello, de menos interés): las condiciones económicas en las que se encuentran los emigrantes mexicanos a su regreso de EUA. Esto es relevante para el diseño de la política pública mexicana, sobre todo, en el área de migración, aunque de los resultados de la investigación también se pueden derivar implicaciones para la política laboral, las infraestructuras públicas, el sistema financiero, y el desarrollo empresarial. La elección de México como caso de estudio otorga, asimismo, significancia al estudio, dada su gran importancia en la migración internacional. El impacto de la experiencia migratoria sobre la situación económica de los emigrantes retornados se estudia para la calidad del empleo y de la vivienda. La elección de estas dos áreas no es arbitraria. El aumento de la rentabilidad en el país de origen del capital acumulado en el de destino, es una de las principales razones para el retorno en la literatura económica. Asimismo, otra de sus motivaciones es ahorrar dinero para luego invertir en el país de origen en la compra o mejora de la vivienda, la adquisición de tierras de cultivo, el emprendimiento de un negocio, etc. De entre todas las posibilidades de inversión, se eligió la vivienda por ser prioritaria en México; un país en vías de desarrollo, donde cerca de la mitad de la población se encuentra bajo la línea de pobreza...
The return of Mexican migrants from the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the USA) has received little investigation by the scientific literature, which, in this area has focused on selection (positive or negative with respect to migrants who remained) because of the interest for US immigration policy. The focus of this work lies, however, on the Mexican side, and is even a less researched topic within temporary migration (though not therefore of less interest): the economic conditions in which Mexican migrants found themselves on their return from the US. This is relevant to the design of Mexican public policy, especially in the area of migration, although from the research results can also be derived implications for labor policy, public infrastructure, the financial system, and enterprise development. The choice of Mexico as a case study also provides significance to the study, given its importance in international migration. The impact of the migratory experience on the economic situation of returnees is studied for the quality of jobs and housing. The choice of these two areas is not arbitrary. The increased profitability in the country of origin of the accumulated capital in the destination country, is one of the main reasons for returning in the economic literature. Likewise, another motivation is to save money to invest it in the country of origin in the purchase or improvement of housing, acquisition of farmland, the undertaking of a business, etc. Of all the investment possibilities, housing was chosen because it is a priority in Mexico; a developing country, where nearly half the population lives below the poverty line...
The return of Mexican migrants from the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the USA) has received little investigation by the scientific literature, which, in this area has focused on selection (positive or negative with respect to migrants who remained) because of the interest for US immigration policy. The focus of this work lies, however, on the Mexican side, and is even a less researched topic within temporary migration (though not therefore of less interest): the economic conditions in which Mexican migrants found themselves on their return from the US. This is relevant to the design of Mexican public policy, especially in the area of migration, although from the research results can also be derived implications for labor policy, public infrastructure, the financial system, and enterprise development. The choice of Mexico as a case study also provides significance to the study, given its importance in international migration. The impact of the migratory experience on the economic situation of returnees is studied for the quality of jobs and housing. The choice of these two areas is not arbitrary. The increased profitability in the country of origin of the accumulated capital in the destination country, is one of the main reasons for returning in the economic literature. Likewise, another motivation is to save money to invest it in the country of origin in the purchase or improvement of housing, acquisition of farmland, the undertaking of a business, etc. Of all the investment possibilities, housing was chosen because it is a priority in Mexico; a developing country, where nearly half the population lives below the poverty line...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Hacienda Pública y Política Fiscal, leída el 11-12-2015