Publication: Políticas macroeconómicas y niveles de pobreza y desigualdad en Ecuador: 1990-2013
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2017-01-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las políticas macroeconómicas de los países tienen como objetivos fundamentales la estabilidad de precios, el crecimiento sostenible, el pleno empleo, la viabilidad de la balanza de pagos, entre otros; por lo que la evaluación de la gestión de los autoridades económicas se lo hace en función de los fines alcanzados en estos ámbitos, sin embargo es necesario analizar cómo las metas económicas obtenidas han afectado al bienestar de los ciudadanos de un país o cómo una situación macroeconómica adversa ha coadyuvado a empeorar las condiciones de vida de la población. SINTESIS.- El objetivo general de esta investigación se orienta a identificar cómo los niveles de pobreza y desigualdad, han sido afectados por las principales variables macroeconómicas, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el crecimiento económico e inflación; indicadores del mercado laboral, empleo, desempleo y subempleo; ingresos y gastos del gobierno; crédito, microcrédito y depósitos del sistema financiero; transferencias familiares desde el resto del mundo, entre otros. Los objetivos específicos incluye la revisión de la literatura económica relacionada, el análisis de la evolución de la economía ecuatoriana, la pobreza y la desigualdad en el período indicado, la cuantificación, a través de la aplicación de modelos bivariantes, del impacto de las variables macroeconómicas sobre los niveles de pobreza y desigualdad y finalmente, a partir de los resultados de los modelos econométricos obtenidos, propuestas de políticas macroeconómicas y sociales, que disminuyan la pobreza e inequidad existentes en Ecuador...
Countries’ monetary policies generally have as their main purposes prices’ stability, sustainable growth, full employment, balance of payments viability among others; so the assessment of the performance of economic authorities is based on achieved purposes in these fields. Nevertheless, it is necessary to analyze how the achieved goals have affected the welfare or how an adverse macroeconomic situation may have helped to worsen people’s life conditions. SYNTHESIS.- The general objective aims to identify how the country’s poverty, urban poverty, extreme poverty, and inequality levels have been affected by the major macroeconomic policies and variables, especially those related to economic growth and inflation; labor market indicators, employment, unemployment, and underemployment; government income and expenditure; credit, microcredit, and financial system deposits; family remittances from the rest of the World, among others. The specific objectives include a revision of economic literature related, the analysis through the established period of the Ecuadorian economy evolution, the diagnose of country’s poverty, urban and extreme poverty, and inequality, the quantification through bivariant models, the impact of major macroeconomic variables on poverty and inequality, and finally, andthrough the results of econometric models proposals of macroeconomic and social policies mainly aimed to reduce existent poverty and inequality in Ecuador. This kind of research which tries to identify relations among macroeconomics and poverty, is not known to have been done for Ecuador, so this constitutes an important contribution from theory and empirical evidence for discussion and formulation of public policy...
Countries’ monetary policies generally have as their main purposes prices’ stability, sustainable growth, full employment, balance of payments viability among others; so the assessment of the performance of economic authorities is based on achieved purposes in these fields. Nevertheless, it is necessary to analyze how the achieved goals have affected the welfare or how an adverse macroeconomic situation may have helped to worsen people’s life conditions. SYNTHESIS.- The general objective aims to identify how the country’s poverty, urban poverty, extreme poverty, and inequality levels have been affected by the major macroeconomic policies and variables, especially those related to economic growth and inflation; labor market indicators, employment, unemployment, and underemployment; government income and expenditure; credit, microcredit, and financial system deposits; family remittances from the rest of the World, among others. The specific objectives include a revision of economic literature related, the analysis through the established period of the Ecuadorian economy evolution, the diagnose of country’s poverty, urban and extreme poverty, and inequality, the quantification through bivariant models, the impact of major macroeconomic variables on poverty and inequality, and finally, andthrough the results of econometric models proposals of macroeconomic and social policies mainly aimed to reduce existent poverty and inequality in Ecuador. This kind of research which tries to identify relations among macroeconomics and poverty, is not known to have been done for Ecuador, so this constitutes an important contribution from theory and empirical evidence for discussion and formulation of public policy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada I, leída el 14/12/2015