Publication: La dignidad humana como límite al poder de control empresarial
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2017-02-01
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
La dignidad humana ocupa el centro de los valores en el constitucionalismo moderno. Esta tesis doctoral centra su atención en la dignidad humana como barrera al poder de control empresarial y está dividido en cuatro capítulos. Los tres primeros centran su foco en la teoría y hermenéutica jurídicas y el cuarto capítulo esgrime la aplicación práctica de este derecho individual frente al control sobre el uso laboral de los dispositivos móviles y los entornos colaborativos en la rede mundial. El primer capítulo inaugura el trabajo con el marco histórico de la afirmación jurídica de la dignidad humana, trazados inicialmente por la aplicación jurisprudencial, en Alemania, de la teoría del objeto de Dürig, cuya piedra angular es la doctrina kantiana de la dignidad humana. Son investigadas sus vertientes, individual y colectiva, y sus contenidos, formal y material, para, de forma crítica y comparada con de la doctrina alemana, identificar el papel que el art. 10.1 de la CE (dignidad humana) ocupa en el ordenamiento español. En el segundo capítulo sobresale el análisis de la naturaleza jurídica y del contenido esencial de la libertad de empresa en el marco económico constitucional permeable a la autonomía colectiva, que inmerge como derecho fundamental del empresario justificador del ejercicio del poder de control sobre el trabajador. El tercero capítulo ilumina la extensión y complejidad del poder de control a través de los estudios de Michel Foucault sobre el modelo de los establecimientos disciplinarios y del panoptismo de Jeremy Bentham que, con el avance de las tecnologías ubicuas de la información y comunicación, desaguan en el modelo contemporáneo de las sociedades de control descrito por Gilles Deleuze. El uso de las herramientas de control es destacado en los modelos de gestión de la mano de obra y es confrontado al fundamento jurídico del poder de control empresarial en el trabajo por cuenta ajena. El cuarto capítulo hace la descripción de los dispositivos móviles y de los entornos colaborativos en la Web 2.0 y su uso en la empresa. A conclusión se afirma: a) la posibilidad de la dignidad humana (art. 10.1 CE) ocupar el rol de derecho fundamental en el ordenamiento español al lado de su función de valor, principio, norma de clausura ya reconocidos; b) que la libertad de empresa es un derecho fundamental conectado a una libertad de acción y no al derecho de propiedad; c) que el poder de control solamente es legítimo cuando adopta el cauce del contrato de trabajo aunque con restrictas proyecciones extracontractuales; d) que el poder de control no es neutral y ultrapasa la simple verificación del cumplimiento de la obligación contratada, provocando el embotamiento de la individualidad e influyendo sobre la autoconsciencia y el proyecto futuro de vida individuales. Por ende, es subrayada la debilidad de la respuesta ofrecida por los derechos a la intimidad y a la protección de los datos personales como límite al poder de control en la empresa ubicua y la necesidad de rescatar la dignidad humana como dique esencial a regulación de su extensión y permanencia. En la práctica, este rescate puede traducirse en seis pasos: 1) retomar el diálogo entre el capital y el trabajo para negociar las reglas del juego cuando de informática se trata; 2) trazar las fronteras entre los controles de resultado de la actividad y los controles de actividad; 3) incluir aspectos de la dignidad humana no relacionados a la intimidad o a la protección de los datos personales como límite al poder de control del empresario; 4) respetar la transparencia informativa a través de protocolos empresariales de uso laboral de estos instrumentos; 5) exigir que el protocolo empresarial sea coherente con el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación y calibrado por la buena fe contractual; y 6) considerar el aspecto afectivo de las redes sociales y de los instrumentos tecnológicos en las medidas que objetivan la equidad de los intereses en conflicto.
Human dignity has developed into a core value of modern constitutionalism. The leitmotiv of this thesis is to advocate using the concept of human dignity as a limit for the managerial control. It has four sections: three of them approache the interpretation into the jurisprudence of the employees' human dignity in the free enterprise system and the new organisational forms; the last part presents an alternative understanding of managerial monitoring over the use of electronic mobile devices and the collaborative web on the workplace. The concept of human dignity explores its philosophical roots based on Immanuel Kant's theory that were consecrated into the jurisprudence by Dürig's “Theory of Object”. Drawing upon a comparative analysis of the german and spanish jurisprudences, the first part offers an individual and collective understanding of human dignity and its formal and material concept in order to argue the key role of human dignity as individual right set on the art. 10.1of Constitutional Law as well as it recognition as a value, principle and the fundament of the unenumerated rights. The second part links the free enterprise system to the employers individual liberties to organize the corporation, manage the functions in a complex division of labor and negotiate with employees representant or unions. The third part illustrates the managerial control by reference to Foucault studies of disciplinary society, Jeremy Bentham's panoptic and Gilles Deleuze's studies of the control society. These theories evidence the tools used by the new organisational forms of management to confront it with the laws regulations and to mark a boundary on the employer's monitoring faculties. The fourth part examines the concrete tradeoffs made between rights and other interests in the use of electronic mobile devices and web platforms (online social networks, cloud platforms etc.) in the workplace. It shows the unsatisfactory response that privacy and data protection offer to prevent the abuses originated by the intensive and deep managerial electronic monitoring over the employees. This thesis concludes that: a) it is necessary to recognize the use of the individual right of human dignity by the constitutional law in Spain for a better balance of rights and interests in conflict; b) the free enterprise system is connected with the employers' individual liberties instead of linked with property rights; c) the managerial control is supported and limited by the employment contract even though there are some extra contractual dimensions; d) the managerial control is not neutral; the intensive and unlimited use of control over employees can emphasizes its interference on the individuals’ conscience and future projects. The concept of human dignity is essential to guard individual rights against damages from electronic monitoring on workplace. Its uses can be reflected on six rules: 1) it is necessary to increase the fair play and collective bargaining on the regulation of managerial electronic control; 2) it must distinguish the production results from the individual activities; 3) it obliges to consider some aspects of human dignity that overlap privacy and data protection rights responses to raise the limit on managerial control into a new level; 4) it is necessary to implement the informative transparency by soft laws or protocols that regulate its uses; 5) in order to provide harmony on the conflict on the use of the mobile electronic devices and the web platforms, the soft laws or protocols must be balanced by a fair play principle; 6) at last, it is important to accept the crucial role of the emotions on facing solutions for conflictive interests between employers and employees on the online social networks and technological tools uses.
Human dignity has developed into a core value of modern constitutionalism. The leitmotiv of this thesis is to advocate using the concept of human dignity as a limit for the managerial control. It has four sections: three of them approache the interpretation into the jurisprudence of the employees' human dignity in the free enterprise system and the new organisational forms; the last part presents an alternative understanding of managerial monitoring over the use of electronic mobile devices and the collaborative web on the workplace. The concept of human dignity explores its philosophical roots based on Immanuel Kant's theory that were consecrated into the jurisprudence by Dürig's “Theory of Object”. Drawing upon a comparative analysis of the german and spanish jurisprudences, the first part offers an individual and collective understanding of human dignity and its formal and material concept in order to argue the key role of human dignity as individual right set on the art. 10.1of Constitutional Law as well as it recognition as a value, principle and the fundament of the unenumerated rights. The second part links the free enterprise system to the employers individual liberties to organize the corporation, manage the functions in a complex division of labor and negotiate with employees representant or unions. The third part illustrates the managerial control by reference to Foucault studies of disciplinary society, Jeremy Bentham's panoptic and Gilles Deleuze's studies of the control society. These theories evidence the tools used by the new organisational forms of management to confront it with the laws regulations and to mark a boundary on the employer's monitoring faculties. The fourth part examines the concrete tradeoffs made between rights and other interests in the use of electronic mobile devices and web platforms (online social networks, cloud platforms etc.) in the workplace. It shows the unsatisfactory response that privacy and data protection offer to prevent the abuses originated by the intensive and deep managerial electronic monitoring over the employees. This thesis concludes that: a) it is necessary to recognize the use of the individual right of human dignity by the constitutional law in Spain for a better balance of rights and interests in conflict; b) the free enterprise system is connected with the employers' individual liberties instead of linked with property rights; c) the managerial control is supported and limited by the employment contract even though there are some extra contractual dimensions; d) the managerial control is not neutral; the intensive and unlimited use of control over employees can emphasizes its interference on the individuals’ conscience and future projects. The concept of human dignity is essential to guard individual rights against damages from electronic monitoring on workplace. Its uses can be reflected on six rules: 1) it is necessary to increase the fair play and collective bargaining on the regulation of managerial electronic control; 2) it must distinguish the production results from the individual activities; 3) it obliges to consider some aspects of human dignity that overlap privacy and data protection rights responses to raise the limit on managerial control into a new level; 4) it is necessary to implement the informative transparency by soft laws or protocols that regulate its uses; 5) in order to provide harmony on the conflict on the use of the mobile electronic devices and the web platforms, the soft laws or protocols must be balanced by a fair play principle; 6) at last, it is important to accept the crucial role of the emotions on facing solutions for conflictive interests between employers and employees on the online social networks and technological tools uses.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, leída el 22/01/2016