Publication: La gestación del pacto de Múnich a través de los medios españoles
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2017-03-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La gestación del Pacto de Múnich a través de los medios españoles aborda el tratamiento llevado a cabo por la prensa republicana y rebelde de un acontecimiento decisivo para la historia contemporánea de España: el Pacto de Múnich, en 1938. Año en el que, inmersos en plena Guerra Civil, el contexto internacional y la telaraña de intereses que detentaban los principales actores políticos, se constituían en la única – pero no segura – esperanza de supervivencia para la II República. Cuando parecía que el estallido de una guerra mundial era inminente, en un encuentro en Múnich, el día 30 septiembre, Inglaterra, Francia, Italia y Alemania acordaron el poner en práctica la denominada appeasement policy en Checoslovaquia, a través de la firma de un pacto donde, dejando al margen a los checoslovacos, se entregó la región checa de los Sudetes a Hitler. En la España republicana, el acuerdo había significado una profunda decepción. El papel de la prensa fue fundamental en este sentido: España no era Checoslovaquia, y no se aceptaría que su suerte fuese determinada por países extranjeros. Por su parte, el gobierno de Franco, llevó a cabo una violenta e interesante campaña de prensa en contra de la mediación internacional. El vacío que Inglaterra y Francia habían hecho a la II República, respondía a una egoísta estrategia a corto plazo: la II República no encontraría en una guerra europea su tabla de salvación porque se le cortaría antes su supervivencia. La prensa española del momento es un testigo magnífico de todo este conflicto diplomático...
The present investigation is about the treatment carried out by the republican and rebel press about a turning point for contemporary history of Spain: the Munich Pact in 1938. Year in which, immersed in the Spanish Civil War, the international context and the network of interests held by the main political actors, which constituted the only - but not certain - hope of survival for the Second Spanish Republic. When it seemed that the outbreak of a world war was imminent, in a meeting in Munich, on 30 September, England, France, Italy and Germany agreed to implement the so-called appeasement policy in Czechoslovakia, through the signing of a pact which, leaving aside the Czechoslovaks, Hitler annexed the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. In republican Spain, the agreement had meant deeply disappointing. The role of the press was essential in this respect: Spain was not Czechoslovakia, and the II Republic does not accept that their fate was determined by foreign countries. Meanwhile, Franco's government, the situation caused a violent and interesting press campaign against international mediation. The emptiness that particularly England and France had done to the II Republic, responded to a selfish short-term strategy: the II Republic wouldn’t find in a European war their salvation, because it would cut off before its survival. The Spanish press at the time is a great witness of all this diplomatic conflict...
The present investigation is about the treatment carried out by the republican and rebel press about a turning point for contemporary history of Spain: the Munich Pact in 1938. Year in which, immersed in the Spanish Civil War, the international context and the network of interests held by the main political actors, which constituted the only - but not certain - hope of survival for the Second Spanish Republic. When it seemed that the outbreak of a world war was imminent, in a meeting in Munich, on 30 September, England, France, Italy and Germany agreed to implement the so-called appeasement policy in Czechoslovakia, through the signing of a pact which, leaving aside the Czechoslovaks, Hitler annexed the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. In republican Spain, the agreement had meant deeply disappointing. The role of the press was essential in this respect: Spain was not Czechoslovakia, and the II Republic does not accept that their fate was determined by foreign countries. Meanwhile, Franco's government, the situation caused a violent and interesting press campaign against international mediation. The emptiness that particularly England and France had done to the II Republic, responded to a selfish short-term strategy: the II Republic wouldn’t find in a European war their salvation, because it would cut off before its survival. The Spanish press at the time is a great witness of all this diplomatic conflict...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Historia de la Comunicación Social, leída el 21-01-2016