Publication: Aceleración de procesado de imágenes de tráfico mediante diseño de algoritmos implementados en hardware
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2017
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Abstract
La iluminación adaptativa es un sistema de iluminación presente en un vehículo o medio de transporte que modifica su funcionamiento según las necesidades del conductor. Este comportamiento dinámico permite iluminar zonas específicas de la carretera para facilitar la conducción del vehículo en condiciones de baja visibilidad. Los sistemas de iluminación adaptativa actuales proporcionan las siguientes funcionalidades:
- Alumbrado lateral. Empleado a baja velocidad, para iluminar la zona que queda a los lados del vehículo cuando se va a realizar un giro cerrado o lento.
- Alumbrado en curva. Ilumina el trazado de una curva rotando la fuente de luz del vehículo.
- Cambio automático de luces. El vehículo utilizará las luces largas todo el tiempo que sea posible, ya que éstas proporcionan una mejor visibilidad de la carretera al
conductor. El sistema alternará entre luces largas y luces de cruce si detecta otros vehículos a los que pueda deslumbrar, o si las condiciones de visibilidad son
buenas y no hacen falta.
Como complemento a estos sistemas se ha buscado desarrollar un nuevo tipo de iluminación que proyecte un haz de luz sobre las señales de tráfico de la carretera. De
este modo, el conductor del vehículo podrá leer dichas señales aun cuando se encuentre
conduciendo durante la noche, sin riesgo de que los faros causen deslumbramientos a otros conductores.
La gente de la Facultad de Óptica de la UCM llevó a cabo la tarea de implementar dicho sistema en MATLAB. El objetivo de este trabajo es implementar parte del software de dicho sistema en hardware para acelerar la ejecución de los cálculos que lleva a cabo, ya que debe funcionar en tiempo real incorporado en un vehículo. La operación que se implementa en este proyecto es la transformación geométrica proyectiva bidimensional, que se utiliza para redimensionar una imagen obtenida de una cámara a la resolución requerida por el sistema de proyección de luz, sin causar distorsiones ni perder detalle.
Antes de implementar el sistema, se desarrolló primero en MATLAB un programa cuyo comportamiento fuese el mismo que el que se buscaba conseguir con el hardware. El objetivo de esta aproximación es comprender de antemano la magnitud del problema, para poder planificar cómo diseñar el sistema en hardware, y las operaciones que se deben realizar para obtener un resultado correcto. Tras comprobar la validez de dicho desarrollo, se procedió a diseñar el sistema usando lo aprendido previamente. Se
tuvieron en cuenta las limitaciones con las que cuenta la placa FPGA, lo que permitió descartar aproximaciones menos óptimas. Una vez que la funcionalidad que debía tener
el sistema quedó clara, se implementó el diseño en código VHDL mediante la herramienta HDL Designer. Cuando se finalizó, se desarrolló un entorno de simulación
para comprobar que su funcionamiento era el deseado. Los resultados obtenidos coinciden en su mayor parte con los que proporcionó el desarrollo software con MATLAB, por lo que se puede concluir que el diseño es válido.
Adaptive Lighting refers to a lighting system of a car or another means of transport that alters its behaviour depending on the driver’s needs. This dynamic behaviour allows lighting specific areas of the road to help the driver to see with low visibility conditions. Current adaptive lighting systems provide the following functionalities: - Lateral lighting. Used at low speeds. It lights the areas at the sides of the vehicle when it is taking a sharp or a slow turn. - Bend lighting. It lights the layout of the bend the vehicle is negotiating by turning the car headlights. - Automatic light switching. The vehicle will employ its full beams as long as possible, because they enable the driver to see the road better. The system will switch to low beams when it detects any other vehicle it can dazzle, or when the visibility conditions are good enough and they aren’t necessary. A new type of adaptive lighting has been developed as a complement to the existing ones, which can irradiate a beam of light onto the surface of the traffic signals the vehicle comes across. Thanks to this, the driver of the vehicle will be able to read them even if he is driving at night, without the risk of dazzling other drivers. The researchers at the Facultad de Óptica of the UCM implemented said system with MATLAB. The goal of this project is to translate part of that implementation into hardware to speed up the execution of the operations it performs, as it has to be able to work in real time while it is installed on a vehicle. The mathematical operation implemented in this project is the two-dimensional projective geometric transformation, which is used in order to rescale the picture taken by a camera into the resolution needed by the light projection system. Rescaling a picture with this approach prevents the picture from suffering distortion or losing detail. Before implementing the system in hardware, its behaviour had to be replicated with a program written in MATLAB. The goal of this approach was to understand the difficulty of the problem at hand, to plan in advance how to design the hardware system and the operations that had to be performed to achieve an accurate result. After verifying the program’s validity, the system was implemented with the knowledge attained from it. FPGA limitations had to be taken into account to discard less optimal solutions beforehand. Once the planning of the system functionality was over, the design was codified in VHDL with the HDL Designed tool. When the coding stage finished, a test environment was set up to check that its behaviour was the one expected. The results it provided matched greatly the ones from the MATLAB program, so it was concluded that the design was a success.
Adaptive Lighting refers to a lighting system of a car or another means of transport that alters its behaviour depending on the driver’s needs. This dynamic behaviour allows lighting specific areas of the road to help the driver to see with low visibility conditions. Current adaptive lighting systems provide the following functionalities: - Lateral lighting. Used at low speeds. It lights the areas at the sides of the vehicle when it is taking a sharp or a slow turn. - Bend lighting. It lights the layout of the bend the vehicle is negotiating by turning the car headlights. - Automatic light switching. The vehicle will employ its full beams as long as possible, because they enable the driver to see the road better. The system will switch to low beams when it detects any other vehicle it can dazzle, or when the visibility conditions are good enough and they aren’t necessary. A new type of adaptive lighting has been developed as a complement to the existing ones, which can irradiate a beam of light onto the surface of the traffic signals the vehicle comes across. Thanks to this, the driver of the vehicle will be able to read them even if he is driving at night, without the risk of dazzling other drivers. The researchers at the Facultad de Óptica of the UCM implemented said system with MATLAB. The goal of this project is to translate part of that implementation into hardware to speed up the execution of the operations it performs, as it has to be able to work in real time while it is installed on a vehicle. The mathematical operation implemented in this project is the two-dimensional projective geometric transformation, which is used in order to rescale the picture taken by a camera into the resolution needed by the light projection system. Rescaling a picture with this approach prevents the picture from suffering distortion or losing detail. Before implementing the system in hardware, its behaviour had to be replicated with a program written in MATLAB. The goal of this approach was to understand the difficulty of the problem at hand, to plan in advance how to design the hardware system and the operations that had to be performed to achieve an accurate result. After verifying the program’s validity, the system was implemented with the knowledge attained from it. FPGA limitations had to be taken into account to discard less optimal solutions beforehand. Once the planning of the system functionality was over, the design was codified in VHDL with the HDL Designed tool. When the coding stage finished, a test environment was set up to check that its behaviour was the one expected. The results it provided matched greatly the ones from the MATLAB program, so it was concluded that the design was a success.
Description
Máster en Ingeniería Informática, Facultad de Informática, Departamento de Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática, curso 2016-2017