Publication: Representar, practicar y repensar el Patrimonio Cultural: el caso de San Andrés Calpan, Puebla
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2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones
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Abstract
El presente texto es el resultado de una investigación antropológica sobre las representaciones sociales y las prácticas socioculturales en torno a un sitio patrimonio cultural: el ex convento de San Andrés Calpan, Puebla, uno de los primeros monasterios franciscanos edificados en México. Desde 1994 forma parte de la designación Primeros monasterios del siglo XVI en las laderas del Popocatépetl de la lista del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de UNESCO. Cuatro capillas posas, las más importantes por su arquitectura, iconografía y estética únicas, enmarcan el atrio del ex convento. Testigos inamovibles de la dinámica sociocultural en Calpan generan múltiples miradas e interpretaciones concernientes al ejercicio de practicar y representar el patrimonio cultural de una comunidad, un ejercicio inherente a cada sociedad y cultura. La reflexión de las prácticas en la formación de representaciones sociales da cuenta del constante dinamismo y correlación entre significados y usos. El planteamiento de las capillas posas refiere un estudio de apropiaciones y usos aunado a la interpretación y comprensión del entorno y patrimonio de la comunidad, a manera de repensar el conocimiento presente en la memoria colectiva de los habitantes. Al estudiar el proceso de representación social del patrimonio cultural se aparta de un determinismo que prescinde del actor social, permite incorporarlo y hacerlo el sujeto principal de la investigación. Las capillas posas dejan de ser sólo construcciones arquitectónicas para convertirse en discursos complejos que remiten a compartir el entendimiento y procesamiento del sitio y confieren al poblador arraigo y pertenencia a su comunidad. La investigación y sus resultados consideran un conjunto de representaciones sociales, supeditadas al imaginario de los actores sociales, como la vía de conocimiento para la gestión de proyectos socioculturales del patrimonio cultural.
This paper is the result of an anthropological research on social representations and sociocultural practices in a cultural heritage site: the former convent of San Andrés Calpan in Puebla, which is one of the first Franciscan monasteries built in Mexico. This monastery holds the nomination of Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List since 1994. Four posa chapels of the utmost importance for its unique architecture, iconography and aesthetics frame the atrium of the former convent: immovable witnesses of sociocultural dynamics in Calpan that give rise to multiple perceptions and interpretations concerning the exercise to practice and represent the cultural heritage of a community, an inherent exercise to each society and culture. The thoughtfulness of customs in the construction of social representations shows the constant dynamism and correlation between meanings and uses. The approach of the posa chapels refers to a study of appropriations and uses tied to interpretation and understanding of the community environment and heritage, as a way to rethink the current knowledge in the collective memory of the inhabitants. Studying the process of social representation of cultural heritage departs from a determinism that ignores the social actors allowing to incorporate and make them the main subject of the research. The posa chapels stop being mere architectural structures to become complex discourses that lead to shared understanding and processing of the site, providing the inhabitants of Calpan with a sense of belonging and attachment to their community. The research and its results consider a set of social representations subject to the social imaginary as a way of knowledge for sociocultural heritage project management.
This paper is the result of an anthropological research on social representations and sociocultural practices in a cultural heritage site: the former convent of San Andrés Calpan in Puebla, which is one of the first Franciscan monasteries built in Mexico. This monastery holds the nomination of Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List since 1994. Four posa chapels of the utmost importance for its unique architecture, iconography and aesthetics frame the atrium of the former convent: immovable witnesses of sociocultural dynamics in Calpan that give rise to multiple perceptions and interpretations concerning the exercise to practice and represent the cultural heritage of a community, an inherent exercise to each society and culture. The thoughtfulness of customs in the construction of social representations shows the constant dynamism and correlation between meanings and uses. The approach of the posa chapels refers to a study of appropriations and uses tied to interpretation and understanding of the community environment and heritage, as a way to rethink the current knowledge in the collective memory of the inhabitants. Studying the process of social representation of cultural heritage departs from a determinism that ignores the social actors allowing to incorporate and make them the main subject of the research. The posa chapels stop being mere architectural structures to become complex discourses that lead to shared understanding and processing of the site, providing the inhabitants of Calpan with a sense of belonging and attachment to their community. The research and its results consider a set of social representations subject to the social imaginary as a way of knowledge for sociocultural heritage project management.