Publication: Diabetes Melitus Tipo 2: Prevención y nuevos tratamientos farmacológicos
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2015-06
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
La diabetes mellitus tipo II (DM2) es un complejo síndrome metabólico que se caracteriza por una hiperglucemia duradera, debida a la escasez en la secreción de insulina y/o a la resistencia a la misma. La prevalencia de la DM2 está emparejada con la de su mayor factor de riesgo, la obesidad, la cual ha aumentado en proporciones epidémicas en los últimos años. Hasta la fecha no existe un fármaco que cure la diabetes y las estrategias existentes tienen serios inconvenientes incluyendo los efectos secundarios y la pérdida de eficacia debido a su uso prolongado. Además de las sulfonilureas, que actúan estimulando la secreción de insulina, también tenemos la metformina, la cual inhibe la excesiva producción hepática de glucosa; la acarbosa, que retrasa la absorción de los carbohidratos en el intestino, y la troglitazona que reduce la resistencia a la insulina en el músculo esquelético. La selección de un antidiabético oral depende de las características del paciente, como la presencia de obesidad y dislipidemia, la duración de la diabetes y otras condiciones. Una terapia combinada entre dos o tres de las clases de antidiabéticos orales es efectiva y es ampliamente usada. Cuando una dosis máxima de antidiabético oral no controla adecuadamente la glucemia, la terapia con insulina se hace necesaria. Las nuevas dianas terapéuticas se basan en los potenciadores del efecto de las incretinas o en los inhibidores de transportadores de sodio-glucosa tipo 2. En este artículo se abordarán tanto las posibles mejoras respecto a los hipoglucemiantes clásicos de estos nuevos fármacos, como el conocimiento que tiene la población en general sobre la diabetes y sus tratamientos. La prevención y el tratamiento eficaz de la intolerancia a la glucosa y otras trastornos metabólicos asociados con la DM2 no sólo tendrán un efecto positivo en la calidad de vida, sino también proporcionarán ahorro de costes a largo plazo.
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic syndrome that is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either lack of insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. The prevalence of T2D along with its major risk factor, obesity, has been increasing with an epidemic proportion in recent years. To date, there is no drug of cure for diabetes and the existing therapeutic approaches have serious drawbacks including side effects and loss of efficacy during prolonged use. In addition to the sulfonylureas, which work by stimulating insulin secretion, we now have metformin, which inhibits excessive hepatic glucose production; acarbose, which delays the absorption of carbohydrates in the gut; and troglitazone, which reduces insulin, resistance in skeletal muscle. The selection of an initial oral antidiabetic agent depends on patient characteristics such as the presence of obesity and dyslipidemia, the duration of diabetes, and other concomitant conditions. Combination therapy with two or three of the different classes of oral antidiabetic agents is effective and has been used throughout the world. The newest therapeutic target are based on a class of agents that act as incretin enhancers or on inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. We will deal with advantages of those new active principles regarding classic antidiabetic oral agents as well as population knowledge about diabetes and their treatments. Prevention and aggressive treatment of glucose intolerance and the other adverse metabolic conditions associated with type II diabetes will not only have a positive effect on the quality of life but also provide long-term cost savings.
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic syndrome that is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either lack of insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. The prevalence of T2D along with its major risk factor, obesity, has been increasing with an epidemic proportion in recent years. To date, there is no drug of cure for diabetes and the existing therapeutic approaches have serious drawbacks including side effects and loss of efficacy during prolonged use. In addition to the sulfonylureas, which work by stimulating insulin secretion, we now have metformin, which inhibits excessive hepatic glucose production; acarbose, which delays the absorption of carbohydrates in the gut; and troglitazone, which reduces insulin, resistance in skeletal muscle. The selection of an initial oral antidiabetic agent depends on patient characteristics such as the presence of obesity and dyslipidemia, the duration of diabetes, and other concomitant conditions. Combination therapy with two or three of the different classes of oral antidiabetic agents is effective and has been used throughout the world. The newest therapeutic target are based on a class of agents that act as incretin enhancers or on inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. We will deal with advantages of those new active principles regarding classic antidiabetic oral agents as well as population knowledge about diabetes and their treatments. Prevention and aggressive treatment of glucose intolerance and the other adverse metabolic conditions associated with type II diabetes will not only have a positive effect on the quality of life but also provide long-term cost savings.